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Learning 3
Chapters 4 & 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pavlov was a | physiologist |
| Pavlov won a | Nobel prize for dog digestion |
| Pavlov accidently discovered | Classical conditioning |
| Reflex | A behavior that is universally shown by all members of a species with very little conditioning. The behavior is adaptive for the environment. |
| Classical conditioning | Exploits a pre-existing stimulus response reflex association in order to elicit a desired behavior. |
| S | Stimulus |
| R | Response |
| Responses in classical conditioning | are unconditioned |
| Elicit | will bring about |
| UCS/US | Unconditioned stimulus |
| * Unconditioned Stimulus | a stimulus that without conditions will elicit a predictable response |
| UCR/UR | Unconditioned Response |
| Unconditioned Response | A response that without conditions results predictably from an unconditioned stimulus |
| NS | Neutral Stimulus |
| Neurtal Stimulus | Stimulus that prior to conditioning produces no specific response |
| CS | Conditional Stimulus |
| Conditional Stimulus | A stimulus that will elicit a predictable response because of its previous pairing with a previously occurring reflex |
| CR | Conditional Response |
| Conditional Response | A predictable response to a stimulus that has influence because of its previously pairing with a previously occurring reflex |
| Association happens as a result of | Learning |
| Classical conditioning shows an association between | The conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response |
| Basis Conditioning Phenomena | Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Disinhibition, Conditioned Inhibition, Generalization and Discrimination |
| Aquisition | Occurs during the initial pairing of the CS(NS) and the UCS.; Gradual strengthening of the association |
| Extinction | Can reduce the strength of the association by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
| Spontaneous Recovery | Partial recovery or reappearance of he CS-UCS association after a period of time without trials |
| Inhibition | An external event that interrupts or inhibits the conditioned response (CR) on a given trail |
| Disinhibition | An external event that distracts during extinction so as to cause the conditioned response (CR) to occur even after it has been extinguished; Opposite of generalization |
| Simultaneous conditioning | Conditioned Stimulus and Unconditioned stimulus occur at the same time for the same duration |
| Trace conditioning | Conditioned stimulus occurs prior to the unconditioned stimulus, delay between offset of the conditioned stimulus and the onset of the unconditioned stimulus |
| Short Delay stimulus conditioning | short delay between onset of the conditioned stimulus and the onset of the unconditioned stimulus offset is the same |
| Backward conditioning | unconditioned stimulus occurs prior to the conditioned stimulus |
| What form of conditioning works the best? | Short Delay |
| What form of conditioning is least effecctive? | Backward |
| Watson and little Albert | Laboratory conditioning of fear or phobic responses to everyday items |
| Involuntary behaviors can be accounted for by? | Classical conditioning |
| Emotional responses to most objects are a result of? | Classical conditioning |
| Systematic desensitization | Exposure therapy |
| Phobias | excessive or irrational fear of an object, place, or situation as a result of classical conditioning of an unrelated stimulus to a fear provoking event |
| Aversive counter conditioning | Replacing a positive emotional response with a negative on |
Created by:
Ashley.johns3342
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