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pharm exam 3

QuestionAnswer
Adrenergic vs Cholinergic 18 The autonomic nervous system is yet further subdivided into parasympathetic (cholinergic) and sympathetic (adrenergic).
Conditions that are contraindications for beta blocker administration. uncompensated heart failure, cardiogenic shock, heart block or bradycardia, pregnancy, severe pulmonary disease, and Raynaud's disease. All beta blockers share a black box warning stating that therapy should not be withdrawn abruptly but should be taper
Carvedilol It is used primarily in the treatment of heart failure but is also beneficial for hypertension and angina.
Labetalol It is used in the treatment of severe hypertension and hypertensive emergencies to quickly lower the blood pressure before permanent damage is done.
Metoprolol Studies have shown increased survival in patients given the drug after they have experienced an MI.
Propranolol (also contraindicated with what condition?) In addition to the indications mentioned for metoprolol, propranolol has been used for the treatment of tachydysrhythmias associated with cardiac glycoside intoxication and for the treatment of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxic
Pilocarpine 19 used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.
Tolterodine 19 used for the treatment of  urinary frequency,  urgency,  and urge incontinence caused by bladder (detrusor) overactivity
Anticholinergics prior to surgery Transdermal scopolamine may be applied preoperatively to help prevent  postoperative postanesthesia nausea/vomiting  with application 1 hour before surgery and removed within 24 to 36 hours.
Scopolamine transdermal Transdermal scopolamine may be applied preoperatively to help prevent postoperative postanesthesia nausea/vomiting with application 1 hour before surgery and removal within 24 to 36 hours. Transdermal scopolamine may cause drowsiness, dry mouth, and blurr
Atropine it is used to treat bradycardia and ventricular asystole.
Atropine is used as an antidote for anticholinesterase inhibitor toxicity or poisoning. It is also used preoperatively to reduce salivation and GI secretions, as is glycopyrrolate.  Atropine is contraindicated in patients with angle-closure glaucoma, and it should be used with caution in patients with advanced hepatic and renal dysfunction
Patient teaching for monitoring while taking beta blockers it is used to treat bradycardia and ventricular asystole. Atropine is used as an antidote for anticholinesterase inhibitor toxicity or poisoning. It is also used preoperatively to reduce salivation and GI secretions, as is glycopyrrolate. Atropine is cont
Drug classes that interact with beta blockers bottom
Alpha blocker side effect first dose phynominon,  orthostatic hypotension,  palpiatations, tachycardia, edema,  chestpain,  dizziness,  h/a,  anxiety,  depression,  weakness,  numbess,  fatigue,  N/V/D,  constipation,  abdominal pain. Alpha blocker fi
Sign of increasing gastrointestinal motility 19 increased gastric secretions, GI motility, and urinary frequency.
Donepezil indications & teaching 20 It is used in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
Cevimeline therapeutic effect treat excessively dry mouth (xerostomia) resulting from a disorder known as Sjögren's syndrome
Edrophonium is given to aid in the diagnosis of: used to diagnose myasthenia gravis.  It can also be used to differentiate between myasthenia gravis and cholinergic crisis.
Atropine adverse effect 21 coma, tachycardia, dry mouth, polyuria, swelling of eyes
Atropine overdose assessment 19 ransient syncope, transient complete heart block, dyspnea, and orthostatic hypotension may also occur. These can be reversed promptly by the administration of atropine, a cholinergic antagonist
Patient teaching with atropine administration subcut/im/iv 30-60 min before anestesia
Risks for elderly taking anticholinergics The older adult patient is extremely sensitive to the central nervous system (CNS) effects of anticholinergics, and it is not uncommon for delirium to develop because of anticholinergic effects.
Desired effect of cholinergic blocking eyedrops 21 anticholinergics cause the pupils to dilate and increase intraocular pressure
Inotropic 18 Positive inotropic effect An increase in the force of contraction of the heart muscle (myocardium).
Chronotropic 18 Positive chronotropic effect An increase in heart rate.
Dromotropic 18 Positive dromotropic effect An increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node, which results in the transfer of nerve action potentials from the atria to the ventricles. This ultimately leads to a systolic h
Epinephrine actions It is considered the prototypical nonselective adrenergic agonist.  At low dosages, it stimulates mostly beta1-adrenergic receptors, increasing the force of contraction and heart rate.  It is also used to treat acute asthma (see Chapter 37) and anaphy
Adverse effect of beta blockers bradycardia, depression, impotence, constipation, and fatigue.  Some of the most serious undesirable effects can be caused by acute withdrawal of the drug. For example, such sudden withdrawal may exacerbate underlying angina, precipitate an MI, or cause
Why would a beta blocker be given to a patient after an MI? 19 When a beta blocker occupies myocardial beta1 receptors, circulating catecholamine molecules are prevented from binding to the receptors. Thus the beta blockers protect the heart from being stimulated by these catecholamines. Because of this characteri
Teaching for client taking tamsulosin 19 1. do not disco abruptly. 2. do not use OTC w/o HPC. 3. may cause dizzy at first. 4. take 30 min after meal. Priapism may occur. 5. do not crush caps.
Created by: Jrachele35
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