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The heart and blood vessels are components of the ______ system.
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The heart is located in the ______ and is ______ to the diaphragm.
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A&P CHp 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The heart and blood vessels are components of the ______ system. | cardiovascular |
| The heart is located in the ______ and is ______ to the diaphragm. | mediastinum; superior |
| What is the pericardium? | the covering that encloses the heart |
| The three layers of the heart, in the correct order from superficial to deep, are the____, the _____ and the ____ | epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| What are the right and left atria? | thin-walled upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning to the heart |
| True or false: The heart has a skeleton. | T |
| What organ is housed within the thoracic cavity? | heart |
| The covering that encloses the heart is called the | Pericardium |
| Which of the following describes the path of a blood cell from the superior vena cava as it makes its way through the heart? | right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery --> lung --> pulmonary vein --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta |
| What are the upper, thin walled chambers of the heart? | right atrium, left atrium |
| What is the skeleton of the heart? | Fibrous tissue that gives the heart its shape and anchors the myofibers. |
| What is the name of the main vessels that supply the heart tissue with blood? | coronary arteries |
| What happens after the ventricles of the heart complete their contraction? | All four chambers of the heart relax for a brief interval. |
| What are some characteristics of cardiac muscle fibers? | connected by intercalated discs, branching |
| What is the function of the coronary arteries? | supply the heart tissues with oxygenated blood |
| During the heart's operation, when the atria contract, the ventricles are ______; when the ventricles contract the atria are ______. | relaxing; relaxing |
| Cardiac muscle cells can contract as a unit because adjacent cells are connected by ______ | intercalated disks |
| Where is the SA node located? | right atrium near the superior vena cava opening |
| How does the heart pump blood? | The atria contract, then the ventricles, followed by relaxation of all four chambers. |
| A(n) _____ is a recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart. | electrocardiogram,AKA ECG |
| What causes the lubb-dubb sound of a heartbeat, as heard through a stethoscope? | the vibrations in heart tissue as blood flow is slowed when valves close |
| The sinoatrial node is a mass of specialized noncontractile cells located just beneath the epicardium in the _____ atrium near the opening of the superior _____ | right, vena cava |
| The rise and fall of blood ___ in the heart chambers is the cause of the opening and closing of heart valves. | pressure |
| Where is the cardiac center located? | medulla oblongata |
| What does an electrocardiogram record? | the electrical changes in the myocardium |
| Humans have a ____ circulatory system, as blood is always moving through blood vessels and the heart. | closed |
| The opening and closing of the heart valves is associated with ______. | changes in chamber pressure |
| True or false: The cardiac center is located in the pons. | F |
| Microscopic, thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arterioles to the smallest venules are called | capillaries |
| What are the smallest veins called? | venules |
| What is the name of the force that blood exerts against artery walls? | blood pressure |
| As arteries branch or subdivide, they give rise to a smaller vessels called a(n) ______. | arterioles |
| What is systolic pressure? | maximum pressure achieved in the arteries during ventricular systole |
| The volume of blood ejected from the heart with each contraction is called the ______. | stroke volume |
| What is the smallest-diameter blood vessel? | capillaries |
| What are venules? | the smallest veins |
| What formula best describes the relationship between the factors that determine blood pressure? | cardiac output x peripheral resistance |
| The force exerted by the blood against the inner walls of vessels is called | blood pressure |
| Systolic pressure is the arterial blood pressure attained during what phase of the cardiac cycle? | ventricular contraction |
| An average-weight male at rest ejects about 70 ml of blood with each ventricular contraction. This is known as the | stroke volume |
| Why does the body need skeletal muscle contraction, pressure changes during breathing, and vasoconstriction to move blood through the veins? | The blood pressure in the veins is too low to push blood toward the heart. |
| Complete the formula to show the two major determinants of blood pressure.Blood pressure = ______X________ | cardiac output (CO) X peripheral resistance (PR) |
| What is the definition of blood pressure? | the force blood exerts against the blood vessel |
| The central venous pressure represents the pressure in the ______. | right atrium |
| What correctly describes the distribution of arteries to the lungs? | There are three lobar arteries that supply the right lung and two lobar arteries that supply the left lung. |
| What factors contribute to venous return to the heart? | skeletal muscle contractions, vein vasoconstriction, pressure changes during breathing |
| In the systemic circuit, freshly oxygenated blood from the ___ ventricle is pushed into the aorta to travel out to the body and then to return via veins to the _____atrium. | left & right |
| The major vessel that originates at the left ventricle is the | aorta |
| The pressure in the right atrium is also called the central ______ pressure. | venous |
| Which arteries supply the head, neck, and brain? | subclavian artery, common carotid artery |
| Which circuit supplies body tissues with oxygenated blood and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart? | systemic circuit |
| The subclavian artery becomes the ___artery after it passes between the clavicle and first rib. | axillary |
| The ___ is the largest-diameter artery in the body and it extends upwards from the left ____ of the heart. | aorta, ventricle |
| Three major arteries originate from the aortic arch. They are the ___ trunk, the left common _____artery, and the left ____artery. | brachiocephalic: carotid: subclavian |
| Choose the main divisions of the subclavian artery that supply the brain, head, and neck. | thyrocervical artery, costocervical artery, vertebral artery |
| Blood moves from the subclavian artery to the ______ artery. | axillary |
| Which of the following are supplied by the common iliac arteries? | lower limb, pelvic organs, gluteal region |
| The ____and the ____venae cavae drain blood from the body into the right atrium | superior: inferior |
| The external jugular vein drains directly into what vessel? | subclavian vein |
| The brachial veins are formed by the merger of what veins? | ulnar and radial veins |
| What are two major vessels that bring blood from the body back to the right atrium? | inferior vena cava, superior vena cava |
| The structures in the neck, head and brain receive blood supply from branches of the ___ artery and _____ carotid artery. | subclavian: common |
| The ______ veins drain blood from the face, scalp and superficial regions of the neck. | external jugular |
| The abdominal and thoracic walls are drained by tributaries of two major veins: the ____ vein and the ____ vein. | brachiocephalic: azygos |
| Blood from the spleen, stomach, and intestines drain into which vessel? | hepatic portal vein |
| Blood from the hand drains in the ____ veins, which drain into the _____and ulnar veins, which in turn merge to form the_____ veins. | Blank 1: digital , Blank 2: radial Blank 3: brachial |
| Tributaries of which two veins drain blood from the abdominal and the thoracic walls? | azygos vein, brachiocephalic vein |
| At the level of the knee, the anterior and posterior tibial veins form a single trunk called the ___ vein. | popliteal |
| What is the function of the hepatic portal system? | to deliver nutrients absorbed from stomach and intestines to the liver |
| How does the blood pressure of a healthy person change with increasing age? | systolic pressure increases. |
| The radial and ulnar veins join to form the ____ vein. | Brachial |
| True or false: As the cardiovascular system ages, systolic blood pressure increases. | T |
| What is the order of vessels through which blood would flow when draining the lower leg? | popliteal vein → femoral vein → external iliac vein |
Created by:
Thuythi15