A&P CHp 15
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| The heart and blood vessels are components of the ______ system. | cardiovascular
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| The heart is located in the ______ and is ______ to the diaphragm. | mediastinum; superior
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| What is the pericardium? | the covering that encloses the heart
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| The three layers of the heart, in the correct order from superficial to deep, are the____, the _____ and the ____ | epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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| What are the right and left atria? | thin-walled upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning to the heart
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| True or false: The heart has a skeleton. | T
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| What organ is housed within the thoracic cavity? | heart
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| The covering that encloses the heart is called the | Pericardium
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| Which of the following describes the path of a blood cell from the superior vena cava as it makes its way through the heart? | right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery --> lung --> pulmonary vein --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta
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| What are the upper, thin walled chambers of the heart? | right atrium, left atrium
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| What is the skeleton of the heart? | Fibrous tissue that gives the heart its shape and anchors the myofibers.
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| What is the name of the main vessels that supply the heart tissue with blood? | coronary arteries
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| What happens after the ventricles of the heart complete their contraction? | All four chambers of the heart relax for a brief interval.
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| What are some characteristics of cardiac muscle fibers? | connected by intercalated discs, branching
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| What is the function of the coronary arteries? | supply the heart tissues with oxygenated blood
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| During the heart's operation, when the atria contract, the ventricles are ______; when the ventricles contract the atria are ______. | relaxing; relaxing
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| Cardiac muscle cells can contract as a unit because adjacent cells are connected by ______ | intercalated disks
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| Where is the SA node located? | right atrium near the superior vena cava opening
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| How does the heart pump blood? | The atria contract, then the ventricles, followed by relaxation of all four chambers.
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| A(n) _____ is a recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart. | electrocardiogram,AKA ECG
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| What causes the lubb-dubb sound of a heartbeat, as heard through a stethoscope? | the vibrations in heart tissue as blood flow is slowed when valves close
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| The sinoatrial node is a mass of specialized noncontractile cells located just beneath the epicardium in the _____ atrium near the opening of the superior _____ | right, vena cava
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| The rise and fall of blood ___ in the heart chambers is the cause of the opening and closing of heart valves. | pressure
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| Where is the cardiac center located? | medulla oblongata
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| What does an electrocardiogram record? | the electrical changes in the myocardium
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| Humans have a ____ circulatory system, as blood is always moving through blood vessels and the heart. | closed
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| The opening and closing of the heart valves is associated with ______. | changes in chamber pressure
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| True or false: The cardiac center is located in the pons. | F
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| Microscopic, thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arterioles to the smallest venules are called | capillaries
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| What are the smallest veins called? | venules
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| What is the name of the force that blood exerts against artery walls? | blood pressure
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| As arteries branch or subdivide, they give rise to a smaller vessels called a(n) ______. | arterioles
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| What is systolic pressure? | maximum pressure achieved in the arteries during ventricular systole
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| The volume of blood ejected from the heart with each contraction is called the ______. | stroke volume
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| What is the smallest-diameter blood vessel? | capillaries
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| What are venules? | the smallest veins
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| What formula best describes the relationship between the factors that determine blood pressure? | cardiac output x peripheral resistance
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| The force exerted by the blood against the inner walls of vessels is called | blood pressure
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| Systolic pressure is the arterial blood pressure attained during what phase of the cardiac cycle? | ventricular contraction
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| An average-weight male at rest ejects about 70 ml of blood with each ventricular contraction. This is known as the | stroke volume
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| Why does the body need skeletal muscle contraction, pressure changes during breathing, and vasoconstriction to move blood through the veins? | The blood pressure in the veins is too low to push blood toward the heart.
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| Complete the formula to show the two major determinants of blood pressure.Blood pressure = ______X________ | cardiac output (CO) X peripheral resistance (PR)
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| What is the definition of blood pressure? | the force blood exerts against the blood vessel
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| The central venous pressure represents the pressure in the ______. | right atrium
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| What correctly describes the distribution of arteries to the lungs? | There are three lobar arteries that supply the right lung and two lobar arteries that supply the left lung.
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| What factors contribute to venous return to the heart? | skeletal muscle contractions, vein vasoconstriction, pressure changes during breathing
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| In the systemic circuit, freshly oxygenated blood from the ___ ventricle is pushed into the aorta to travel out to the body and then to return via veins to the _____atrium. | left & right
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| The major vessel that originates at the left ventricle is the | aorta
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| The pressure in the right atrium is also called the central ______ pressure. | venous
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| Which arteries supply the head, neck, and brain? | subclavian artery, common carotid artery
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| Which circuit supplies body tissues with oxygenated blood and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart? | systemic circuit
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| The subclavian artery becomes the ___artery after it passes between the clavicle and first rib. | axillary
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| The ___ is the largest-diameter artery in the body and it extends upwards from the left ____ of the heart. | aorta, ventricle
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| Three major arteries originate from the aortic arch. They are the ___ trunk, the left common _____artery, and the left ____artery. | brachiocephalic: carotid: subclavian
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| Choose the main divisions of the subclavian artery that supply the brain, head, and neck. | thyrocervical artery, costocervical artery, vertebral artery
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| Blood moves from the subclavian artery to the ______ artery. | axillary
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| Which of the following are supplied by the common iliac arteries? | lower limb, pelvic organs, gluteal region
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| The ____and the ____venae cavae drain blood from the body into the right atrium | superior: inferior
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| The external jugular vein drains directly into what vessel? | subclavian vein
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| The brachial veins are formed by the merger of what veins? | ulnar and radial veins
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| What are two major vessels that bring blood from the body back to the right atrium? | inferior vena cava, superior vena cava
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| The structures in the neck, head and brain receive blood supply from branches of the ___ artery and _____ carotid artery. | subclavian: common
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| The ______ veins drain blood from the face, scalp and superficial regions of the neck. | external jugular
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| The abdominal and thoracic walls are drained by tributaries of two major veins: the ____ vein and the ____ vein. | brachiocephalic: azygos
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| Blood from the spleen, stomach, and intestines drain into which vessel? | hepatic portal vein
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| Blood from the hand drains in the ____ veins, which drain into the _____and ulnar veins, which in turn merge to form the_____ veins. | Blank 1: digital , Blank 2: radial
Blank 3: brachial
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| Tributaries of which two veins drain blood from the abdominal and the thoracic walls? | azygos vein, brachiocephalic vein
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| At the level of the knee, the anterior and posterior tibial veins form a single trunk called the ___ vein. | popliteal
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| What is the function of the hepatic portal system? | to deliver nutrients absorbed from stomach and intestines to the liver
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| How does the blood pressure of a healthy person change with increasing age? | systolic pressure increases.
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| The radial and ulnar veins join to form the ____ vein. | Brachial
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| True or false: As the cardiovascular system ages, systolic blood pressure increases. | T
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| What is the order of vessels through which blood would flow when draining the lower leg? | popliteal vein → femoral vein → external iliac vein
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