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pharm ex 2
stack 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Over the counter (OTC) meds that may counteract antihypertensives | NSAIDs Decreased antihypertensive Decreased effect of ARB and potential to cause renal failure decongestants |
| Idiopathic hypertension | secondary hypertension- Elevated systemic arterial pressure for which no cause can be found; also called primary or idiopathic hypertension. |
| Secondary hypertension | High blood pressure caused by another disease such as renal, pulmonary, endocrine, or vascular disease |
| Adrenergic drug characteristics | Each of these subcategories of drugs can be described as having central action (in the brain) or peripheral action (at the heart and blood vessels). These drugs include the adrenergic neuron blockers (central and peripheral), the alpha2 receptor agonists |
| Orthostatic hypotension education | Orthostatic hypotension is commonly referred to as postural hypotension. A situation known as first-dose syncope, in which the hypotensive effect is severe enough to cause the patient to lose consciousness with even the first dose of medication, can occur |
| Beta blocker characteristics, adverse effects, patient teaching, contraindications with diabetes | |
| Cautions with doxazosin | With doxazosin, first-dose orthostatic hypotension may occur within 2 to 6 hours; therefore carefully assess blood pressures (supine and standing) and measure corresponding pulse rates before the first dose and 2 to 6 hours afterward, as well as with any |
| Antihypertensive medication teaching | Focus nursing goals for antihypertensive therapy on educating the patient, family, and/or caregiver about the critical importance of adequate management to prevent end-organ damage. Goals must include making sure the patient understands the nature of the |
| Inotropic | negative inotropic drugs (decrease cardiac contractility), |
| Angina- types, characteristics, treatment, teaching | Angina pectoris Chest pain that occurs when the heart’s supply of blood carrying oxygen is insufficient to meet the demands of the heart Chronic stable angina Chest pain that is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, which results in a long-term bu |
| Nitroglycerine (NTG) administration (consider multiple routes, indications, cautions) | |
| Cardiac glycoside toxicity & related lab values | Digoxin has a low therapeutic index (see Chapter 2). Digoxin levels are monitored when the patient first starts taking the drug. However, once the drug reaches steady state, monitoring is usually necessary only if there is suspicion of toxicity, noncompli |
| Chronotropic | Drugs that influence the rate of the heartbeat. Digoxin indications Heart failure, supraventricular dysrhythmias |
| Digoxin teaching | |
| Digoxin therapeutic level | toring is usually necessary only if there is suspicion of toxicity, noncompliance, or deteriorating renal function. Normal therapeutic levels for digoxin are 0.5 to 2 ng/mL. Low potassium or magnesium levels may increase the potential for digoxin toxicity |
| Coumadin antidote | vitamin k Anticoagulant therapy goal |
| Heparin monitoring | |
| Heparin uses | |
| Heparin antidote | Protamine is a specific heparin antidote and forms a complex with heparin, completely reversing its anticoagulant properties. |
| Garlic interactions with medications | Garlic (Allium sativum) Overview Garlic obtains its pharmacologic effects from the active ingredient allicin. Common Uses Antispasmodic, antiseptic, antibacterial and antiviral, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, lipid reducer Adverse Eff |
| Fluid volume assessment | Assess fluid volume and electrolyte status through laboratory testing, as prescribed, and measurement of urinary specific gravity, vital signs, intake, and output. Because the skin and mucous membranes reflect a patient’s hydration status, be sure to asse |
| Hydrochlorothiazide teaching | Hydrochlorothiazide, commonly abbreviated HCTZ, is considered the prototypical thiazide diuretic. It is a safe, effective, and inexpensive thiazide diuretic. HCTZ is used in combination with many other drugs, including methyldopa, propranolol, spironolact |
| Fresh frozen plasma is administered for coagulation disorders | FFP is obtained by centrifuging whole blood and thereby removing the cellular elements. The resulting plasma is then frozen. FFP is not recommended for routine fluid resuscitation, but it may be used as an adjunct to massive blood transfusion in the treat |
| Hyperkalemia inducing medications | potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone, poyassium, ACE inhibitors |
| Hypokalemia signs, symptoms, causes, prevention | |
| Know routine Lab values | |
| Morphine intended therapeutic effects | |
| Avoiding transdermal NTG tolerance | Remove nitroglycerin patch for 8 hours at night to prevent tolerance. |
Created by:
Jrachele35
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