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Psych Exam #3
Psych 100B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychotherapy | Treatment designed to help people seal with mental, emotional or behavioural problems |
| Biomedial Therapies | Treating the body: Drug therapies, shock treatment, psychosurgery |
| Insight Therapies | Treating the mind; designed to give clients self-knowledge or insight into their psychological problems |
| Behavioural Therapies | Treating the environment |
| Antipsychotic Drugs | Reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia, most act on dopamine, side effects include involuntary movements (tardive dyskinsia) |
| Chloropromazine | Antipsychotic Drug; first used in 1950's to treat delusions and hallucinations |
| Antidepressant Drugs | Regulate availability or effectiveness of neurotransmitters implicated in mood disorders |
| Trycyclics | Type of antidepressant drug; Regulates effectiveness of norepinephrie |
| Fluoextine (Prozac) | Type of antidepressant drug; regulates effectiveness of serotonin |
| Lithium Carbonate | Type of antidepressant drug; used to treat bipolar disorder |
| Antianxiety Drugs (Tranquilizers) | Reduce tension and anxiety, most act on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | Brief electric shock delivered to the brain; used mainly for depression as last resort. |
| Psychoanalysis | Insight Therapy; Bring hidden impulses, memories to surface of awareness. Techniques: Free association and Dream Analysis |
| Free association | Type of psychoanalysis; Patient relaxed and freely expresses whatever comes to mind. |
| Dream Analysis | Determine latent content of dreams |
| Resistance | In psychoanalysis Patient's unconsciously motivated attempts to subvert or hinder therapy. |
| Psychodynamic Therapy | Modern, streamlined version of psychoanalysis to save time. |
| Transference | In psychoanalysis, patients thoughts or feelings towards the therapist actually represent the way the patient feels about other people in their life. |
| Cognitive Therapies | Insight Therapy; Remove irrational beliefs, negative thoughts presumed to be responsible for psychological disorders. |
| Rational-Emotive Therapy | Therapist verbally assaults irrational thought processes almost like a cross-examiner, can be hard and confrontational. |
| Becks Cognitive Therapy | Less harsh and confrontational, encourages clients to identify rational thought processes themselves. (Record keeping homework) |
| Humanistic Therapies | Help clients gain insight into their self-worth, value as human beings. (Roger's client centered therapy, Gestalt therapy and existential therapies) |
| Gestalt Therapy | Humanistic; Empty-chair technique |
| Existential Therapies | Humanistic; Focus on fundamental choices in life |
| Client Centered Therapy | Client not therapist holds the key to psychological health, happiness. Problems stem from incongruence between self-concept, reality of everyday experiences |
| Aversion Therapy | Replacing a positive to a harmful stimulus with something negative. (Give a drug that causes nausea when alcohol is ingested) |
| Token Economies | Patients rewarded with small tokens when they act appropriately, can exchange tokens for privileges. |
| Social Skills Training | Uses modeling and reinforcement to shape appropriate skills. (Discussing appropriate responses, role playing, assigning homework) |
| The Philadelphia Study | Contrasted behaviour and psychodynamic therapy with a control group on a waiting list. Both approaches showed similar improvement. |
| Meta-analysis | Comparing many different studies found similar results as the Philadelphia study. |
| Stressors | The demanding or threatening situations that produce stress. |
| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | Hans Selye; People are biologically programmed to react to threats in 3 stages: Alarm (fight or flight) Resistance (Body adjusts to cope w/ threat) Exhaustion (Body gives up) |
| Emotional Reactions to Stress | Fear, anger, sadness, dejection, grief. |
| Gender Differences in Stress | Biological response is the same; Females tend to protect others rather than Males who fight or flight |
| Cognitive Appraisal | In order to feel stress you need to perceive a threat and conclude that you may not have the resources to deal with it |
| External Factors of Stress | Significant life events, daily hassles, environmental factors |
| Internal Factors of Stress | Perceived control, explanatory stylr |
| Perceived Control | Amount of influence you feel you have over a situation and your reaction to it. (More perceived control -> less stress) |
| Explanatory Style | Attributions influence stress; internal, stable, global attributions -> more stress |
| Personality Characteristics | Optimistic, Type B personalities experience less stress, fewer stress related ailments. |
| Prolonged Stress: Immune System | Response lowered, can be measured by number of lymphocytes. |
| Prolonged Stress: Cardiovascular System | Increased blood pressure |
| Prolonged Stress: Cholesterol | Increased levels in blood |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | Flashbacks, avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event and chronic arousal. |
| Burnout | Physical, emotional and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation |
| Progressive Muscle Relaxation | Concentrate on relaxing specific muscle groups in a set order |
| Autogenic Relaxation | Focus on directing blood flow toward tense muscle groups to warm them |
| Meditation | Muscle relaxation, plus mental exercises to help reduce stress-producing thoughts |
| Biofeedback | Specific psychological feedback that people are given about the effectiveness of their relaxation efforts. |
| Approaches to promote public health | Primary prevention: Educate public about ways to prevent a problem before it starts. Secondary prevention: Early identification of risk factors in specific groups. Tertiary prevention: Handle and contain an illness once it has been acquired. |
| AIDS | Gradually weakens and disables the immune system, results from HIV. |
Created by:
courterpounder
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