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pharm ex 1
study more semester 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Major fluids regulating homeostasis, intra-extracellular fluid | water, solutes, elctrolytes, and non-elctrolytes (urea, protein, glucose, creatinine, and bilirubin |
| a change in osmolality of intracellular fluid is maintained by | mainly potassium |
| osmolality of extracellular fluid is maintained by | mainly sodium |
| osmolality | number of dissolved particles per kilogram of water. |
| Conditions that have great potential for disrupting fluid balance | vomiting, diarrhea, kidney diseases, diabetes, salicylate poisoning, burns, congestive heart failure, cerebral injuries, ulcerative colitis, and hormonal imbalances |
| Patient complaints that may be associated with fluid imbalances | fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, edema, muscle weakness or cramps, dyspnea, and confusion |
| Measuring blood pressure with the patient lying, sitting, and standing can detect | positional differences that may reflect inadequate blood volume. |
| hypovolemia | isotonic extracellular fluid deficit |
| dehydration | extracellular fluid deficit |
| increase in body water is called | fluid volume excess |
| isotonic fluid excess | extracellular fluid excess |
| hypotonic fluid excess | intracellular water excess |
| Fluid volume excess may result from | renal or cardiac failure with retention of fluid, increased production of ADH or aldosterone, overload with isotonic intravenous fluids, or the administration of 5% dextrose in water (D5W) after surgery or trauma. |
| Severe fluid volume excess | aggravate heart failure and pulmonary edema. |
Created by:
Jrachele35
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