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Learning 1
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Learning is | a relatively permanent change in behavioral potentiality that occurs as a result of reinforced practice (Kimble, 1961) |
| Learning is (Bullets) | relatively permanent behavioral potentiality result of reinforced practice |
| Intervening variable | Learning would be the result of an internal change in the organism. The internal change would be learning. |
| Behavior change | New behavior is not a result of learning but learning itself. No internal change is necessary to account for learning. |
| Instinct | not learned, un-modifiable, complex, Occur in virtually all of a species under the correct circumstances |
| Types of learning | Classical, Instrumental , Observational (Not real) |
| Classical learning aka | Pavlovian, Respondent |
| Instrumental learning aka | Operant |
| Epistomology | How we know what we know |
| 5 approaches to acquiring knowledge | Tenacity, Intuition, Authority, Rationalism, Empiricism |
| Tenacity | Knowledge based on superstition or habit, might be based in fact but might not, high in error, not scientific |
| Intuition | Knowledge based NOT on reasoning or inferring, feeling strongly about something, you might get lucky and be right, high error, not scientific |
| Authority | Knowledge from a highly respected source, reliable to a point, where did they get their information?, medium in error, not scientific |
| Rationalism | Knowledge through reasoning, pure logic, thought experiments, assumes you have all the information, lower in error, not scientific |
| Empiricism | Knowledge through experience, establishes a causal relationship, least error, most scientific |
| Science is | A specific method to be followed in solving problems and acquiring a body of knowledge, logic of inquiry |
| Assumptions of science | Determinism, Empiricism, Parsimony, Scientific manipulation, Philosophic doubt |
| Determinism | The universe is lawful and orderly all phenomenon occur as a result of other events |
| Behavior is a result of | specific conditions |
| Variables of choice | genetics, learning history, current environment |
| Empiricism | Practice of objective observation |
| Empirical attitude says | "Lets look and see" |
| Aristotle's 3 principles of association | Contiguity, Similarity, Contrast |
| Is the rate of forgetting faster or slower after studying when compared to a week later? | Faster |
| Who uses animal subjects more, behaviorists or cognitive psychologists? | Behaviorists |
| If psychology is going to be a science it needs to focus on what according to Watson? | Stimuli and responses |
| According to Skinner theories in psychology should not include what? | Intervening variables |
| Parsimony | Occams razor, simpler ideas are taken over more complex explanations when both equally predict phenomenon |
| Law of Parsimony | A scientist should never hypothesize a complicated explanation unless all of the simple explanations have been experimentally ruled out |
| Scientific Manipulation | factors suspected of having a causal status are systematically controlled and manipulated while the effects are observed |
| Philosophic doubt | Question all facts, we are far form absolute knowledge on anything |
| Knowledge obtained through science: | Is falsifiable (testable), Is based on objective empirical observations, Is systematic, Is publicly verifiable, Predicts subsequent events |
| What is the purpose of science? | Description, Explanation, Prediction, Control |
| General principles of basic behavioral phenomena... | should hold not only across all members of a species but also across many species in accordance with their genetic relatedness |
| What is the psyche? | Mind, thought, brain |
| What do actions of the psyche produce? | Cognitions (thoughts), Behaviors (actions based on cognitions), Emotions |
| Psychology is most concerned with which, behaviors or cognitions? | Behaviors |
Created by:
Ashley.johns3342
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