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Psych Revision
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Typical | When you're having a bad day, and acting out |
| What is Atypical | Mental illness, characteristics, maladaptive behaviour, acting out of normal character for yourself |
| What is Normality | Thoughts, feelings and behaviours consistent with a persons usual way of behaving. Societal standards of behaviour |
| What is Abnormality | Behaviours and mental illnesses that are unusual and atypical, out of the societal norm. |
| What is Physical health | The health of your physical body. |
| What is Mental health | The health of your mind. Your state of well-being |
| What are the 6 approaches to normality and abnormality | Sociocultural, functional, historical, situational, medical, statistical. |
| What is a sociocultural approach | Things that are socially acceptable |
| What is a functional approach | If you can function in society, its the usual way of doing things |
| What is a historical approach | Things that were socially acceptable in history |
| What is a situational approach | Things that are normal for a situation |
| What is a medical approach | Biological basis for things. A biological condition that makes you act a certain way |
| What is a statistical approach | The majority does or does not do certain things, and it becomes the norm |
| What is the difference between a mental health problem, and a mental health disorder | A mental health problem is mental wellness, and a mental health disorder is characterised by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour. |
| What are the 4 D's of abnormality | Deviance, distress, dysfunction and danger |
| What is deviance | Any behaviour that differs significantly from what is considered appropriate for a social group |
| What is distress | The negative stress response, often involving negative affect and physiological reactivity |
| What is dysfunction | Disturbances in a persons thinking, emotional regulation or behaviour that reflects significant dysfunction in all aspects of life |
| What is danger | When an individual poses risk of danger to themselves or others |
| What is the biopsychosocial model | Distinguishes specific traits and categorises them into biological, psychological and social themes |
| What are the 4 P's | Predisposing, Precipitating, perpetuating and protective |
| What is predisposing | A susceptibility (your likeliness to be influenced or harmed by something) to developing a disorder or disease |
| What is precipitating | A specific event or trigger to the onset of a current problem |
| What is perpetuating | Factors that make it either worse (e.g. not taking medication) |
| What is protective | Factors that are associated with positive adjustment and development |
| What is the diathesis stress model | The explanation that a disorder or behaviour trait is the result of an interaction between genetic predisposition vulnerability and stress, usually caused by life events and factors |
| What personality disorders are in cluster A | Paranoid PD, Schiziod PD, Schizotypal PD |
| What personality disorders are in cluster B | Antisocial PD, Histrionic PD, Narcissistic PD, Borderline PD |
| What personality disorders are in cluster C | Avoidant PD, OCPD, Dependent PD |
| What are internal causes of stress | Self worth, Self efficacy, |
| What are external causes of stress | School, work, relationship, family, major life changes, financial burdens, busyness |
| What is the difference between distress and eustress | Distress negatively affects you, eustress positively affects you |
| What is stress as a psychobiological process | It is a state of physiological and psychological arousal, produced by stressors, that are perceived as challenging or exceeding their ability to cope |
| Acute types of stress | Stress that lasts for short periods of time |
| Chronic types of stress | Stress that is ongoing |
| What is Fight-Flight-Freeze | Fight is your body's way of facing any perceived threat aggressively. Flight is your body's way of running away from threats. Freeze is your body's way of stopping immediately for perceived threats. |
| What is General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | describes the process your body goes through when you are exposed to any kind of stress, positive or negative. It has three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. |
| Role of the nervous system in Fight-Flight-Freeze | when your ANS is stimulated, your body releases adrenaline and cortisol, the stress hormone. |
| Role of the nervous system in GAS | The body's initial response to stress, and the release of hormones. |
| What is Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model of stress and coping | It is a persons capacity to cope and adjust to challenges and problems is a consequence of transaction that occur between a person and their environment |
| Why are coping strategies important | Coping strategies are a temporary feeling of relief from emotional stress but they're a barrier to a functional life. They can lead to the problem being fixed in a way that reduces stress and harm |
| Adaptive vs Maladaptive coping strategies | Adaptive strategies make things easier in both the moment and the long run, Maladaptive strategies make things easier in the moment but harder in the long run. |
| What is context specific effectiveness | Whether there is a match or good fit between the coping strategy that is used and the stressful situation |
| What is coping flexibility | The ability to effectively modify or adjust one's coping strategies according to the demands of different stressful situations |
| Approach vs avoidant coping strategies | Approach is any behavioural, cognitive or emotional activity that is directed towards a threat, avoidance is any activity directed away from a threat |
| Problem focused vs emotion focused coping | Problem focused involved handling stress by facing it head on and taking action to resolve the underlying cause. Emotion focused involved regulating your feelings and emotional response to the problem instead of addressing it. |
| Practical methods of coping | Take rest periods, take vacations, do fun activities, practice relaxation, yoga, prayer, meditation and muscle relaxation |
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