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Approaches studies
All key studies for Approaches AQA Psych
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wundt (not a study) | Came up with the technique of introspection as a standardised method of investigating one's conscious experience of a stimulus (like a metronome) |
| Skinner | Taught rats/pigeons etc new behaviours by using food as rewards for given behaviours (such as pressing a lever) in controlled environment known as the Skinner box. |
| Pavlov | Paired the ringing of a bell (neutral stimulus) with food (unconditioned stimuli) to create salivation (conditioned response) at the ringing of a bell in the future (conditioned stimulus) |
| Watson and Raynor | Taught an infant (Little Albert) to develop a phobia of fluffy items by pairing these items with loud noises |
| Gilroy et al | Three sessions of systematic desensitisation compared to relaxation techniques (control). Symptoms lower in SD group after 3 and 33 months. |
| Bandura et al | Developed SLT when he found that children who had seen an adult model behaving aggressively to a model were more likely to be aggressive to the model themselves |
| Bandura and Walters | Children observed consequences for a model being aggressive to a doll– praised, punished or no consequence. Praised model most likely to be imitated. |
| March et al | CBT is effective at treating depression in 81% of the time. |
| Darwin | Explains evolution and the role of natural selection |
| Soomro et al | SSRIs are 70%+ effective for OCD |
| Freud (not a study) | Developed the Psychodynamic approach, including the psychosexual stages and his iceberg theory of the psyche, containing the id, ego and superego |
| Freud | Little Hans case study. Little Hans had a phobia of horses that Freud explained as displaced feelings from castration anxiety from his father. |
| De Maat et al. | Reviewed therapies for mental health disorders. Found psychoanalysis to be effective for many conditions |
| Fischer and Greenburg | Conducted a systematic review of research. Found 2500+ studies that support elements of Freuds theory such as the unconscious and the use of defence mechanisms. |
| Maslow (not a study) | Developed the hierarchy of needs, which is a key element of Humanistic psychology |
| Rogers (not a study) | Developed client centred therapy (CCT) as a non-directive therapy to boost self-esteem and help people achieve congruence and self-actualisation. |
Created by:
SBlakeley
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