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Unit 10 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of the elements |
| Chemical Bond | Force that holds atoms together in a compound |
| Ionic Bond | Type of bond formed when electrons are transferred between atoms, creating opposite charges that attract |
| Ion | A charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than protons |
| Positive Ion | More protons than electrons |
| Negative Ion | More electrons than protons |
| Oxidation Number | Combining ability of an element |
| Covalent Bond | The attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons |
| Nonpolar Covalent Bond | Electrons are shared equally by both atoms |
| Polar Covalent Bond | Electrons are shared unequally by atoms |
| Polar Molecule | The unequal sharing of electrons results in a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end to the molecule |
| Nonpolar Molecule | Molecule that does not have oppositely charged ends |
| Polyatomic Ion | Formed from a group of atoms that combine together to form a single ion |
| Hydrate | A compound that has water molecules as part of its structure |
| Reactants | Starting substances |
| Products | New substances produced |
| Chemical Equation | A way to describe a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and other symbols |
| Coefficients | Represent the number of units of each substance taking part in the reaction |
| Subscripts | Represent the number of each element or polyatomic ion in a unit of the compound |
| Balanced Chemical Equation | Chemical equation with the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow |
| Combustion Reaction | Occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen to produce energy in the form of heat and light |
| Synthesis Reaction | Two or more substances combine together to form another substance |
| Decomposition Reaction | Occurs when one substance breaks down into two or more substances |
| Single-Displacement Reation | One element replaces another in a compound |
| Double-Displacement Reaction | The positive ion of one compound replaces the positive ion of the other to form two new compounds |
| Precipitate | An insoluble compound that comes out of solution as a solid during a double-displacement reaction |
| Exergonic Reaction | Chemical reaction that releases energy |
| Exothermic Reaction | Exergonic reaction in which thermal energy is primarily released |
| Endergonic Reaction | Chemical reaction that absorbs energy |
| Endothermic Reaction | A reaction that absorbs thermal energy to keep going |
| Catalyst | A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself |
| Enzyme | Biological catalyst |
| Inhibitor | Substances used to slow down the rates of chemical reactions or prevent a reaction from happening at all |
| Equlibrium | A state in which forward and reverse reactions or processes proceed at equal rates |
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26mccava
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