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Research methods
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Theory | Set of assumptions used to explain why something is the way i is and happens the way it happens. Based on finding from many studies and can change with new data. |
Principle | a fundamental, primary, or general law or truth from which others are derived. |
Hypothesis | An informed guess or prediction about some phenomenon. One of most important steps in conducting scientific research. All theories and principle start with it. |
Case studies | Study of typically one but sometimes more individuals in great depth in hopes to reveal universal truths. |
Naturalistic observations | Watching and recording behavior of organisms in their natural environment; describes (not explains) behavior |
Surveys | Look at many individual cases, gathers lots of info at low cost |
Longitudinal studies | Extensive studies with groups or people that long periods of time |
Experiments | Controlled studies that involve manipulation of variables that impact experimental groups (cause and effect relationships) |
Random sampling | Every person has equal chance of being selected to participate |
Control group | Participants that aren’t exposed to independent variable |
Experimental group | Participants exposed to independent variable |