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Local Anesthetics

Pharmacology Chapter 10

QuestionAnswer
Local Anesthetic = Agents that ____________ block nerve conduction when applied to a circumscribed area of the body Agents that reversibly block nerve conduction
What is the major difference between local anesthetic and general anesthetic? Local anesthetic - loss of sensation without loss of consciousness
Properties of Ideal Local Anesthetic Potent Reversible Absence of local reactions Absence of allergic reactions Rapid onset Satisfactory duration Adequate tissue penetration stability in solution ease of metabolism / excretion
List 4 amides used in dentistry Lidocaine Mepivacaine prilocaine bupivacaine
Name an amide with an ester group articaine
Name four main Esters Procaine Propoxycaine Tetracaine (topical) Benzocaine (topical)
Which local anesthetic may cause CNS depression rather than stimulation characteristic in other local anesthetics? Lidocaine
What is the best local anesthetic for almost all dentistry uses? Lidocaine
Which anesthetic should be used if trying to avoid vasoconstrictors? Mepivacaine plain
Mechanism of action of local anesthetics attach to receptors on nerve membrane block conduction of nerve impulses - "nerve block" decreases permeability of nerve cell membrane to sodium ions
When local anesthetics block nerve impulses by decreasing cell-membrane permeability to sodium ions, this causes: __________ in rate of depolarization of nerve membrane __________ the threshold for excitability ___________ propagation of A.P. DECREASES the rate of depolarization of nerve membrane INCREASES the threshold for excitability PREVENTS propagation of Action potential
Created by: maiagrodin
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