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PHT201-#2 REVIEW
PHT201 #2 QUESTIONS/ANSWERS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| BE ABLE TO FILL IN THE FOLLOWING PARTS OF A NEURON on drawing: SYNAPTIC TERMINAL; NODE OF RANVIER | Synaptic (axon) terminal: the hair-like ends of the axon; Node of Ranvier: one of the many gaps in the myelin sheath. This is where the action potential occurs during saltatory conduction along the axon; |
| Parts of a neuron cont'd Myelin; Dendrites | Myelin: The fatty substance that surrounds and protects some nerve fibers; Dendrites: The branching structure of a neuron that receives messages attached to the cell body |
| Parts of a neuron cont'd Nucleus; Cell body; Axon | Nucleus:The organelle in cell body of the neuron that contains the genetic material of the cell; Cell body: body of the neuron; contains the nucleus (aka soma); Axon:long extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the body of the cell. |
| Be able to list the 3 main steps in Neurontransmission (Electro Chemical Process) Step #1 | A)Release of the Neurotransmitter (Chemical), when neuron is excited. |
| Neurontransmission (Electro Chemical Process) Step #2 | B)The Neurotransmitter passes across the synapse and binds to a receptor, which is located on the dendrite of the next neuron. |
| Neurontransmission (Electro Chemical Process) Step #3 | C))This Binding passes on the neurotransmitters msg to the next neuron until it reaches its final destination. Result can be a motor response or change in way we respond, behave, think, feel, or react physically |
| What is the main function of the Sympathetic system, and when does it increase and decrease its activity? | SNS prepares body for energetic tasks, controls the "fight or flight" response. During tasks that require effort it increases heart rate, opens airways, increases B.P., increases secretion of adrenaline and decreases intestinal contraction and digestion. |
| What is the main funcion of the Parasympathetic system and when does it increase its activity? | PSNS readies the body for sleep in non-stressful periods; effects the "rest and relaxation" response. During periods of non-stress it incrs. GI and genitourinary system and decreases activity of cardiovascular system |
| Define Dual Innervation: | ANS is always working. One division increases activity while the other decreases activity, i.e., One organ can receive impulses from both sympathetic and parasympathetic motor neurons |
| What does Autonomic Nervous System contact? | Cardiac and smooth muscle |
| What is Fight or Flight reaction? | SNS increases activity of certain organs to allow > expenditure of energy for both physical and mental excertion |
| What does Epinephrine do the the lungs and heart? | Stimulates internal organs to increase sympathetic activity. Increases heart rate, B.P., opens airways,decreases intestinal contraction & digestion |
| Are there any additional uses for Epinephrine? | Anaphylactic shock, as cold medication (Bronkaid and Primatene Mist) |
| What is another name for the hormone Epinephrine which is released from the adrenal glands during fight/flight? | Adrenaline |
| What do Somatic Neurons control? | Skelatal muscles and voluntary movement of the whole body. |
| What does QD mean? | Every day (on Do not use list) |
| What does QID mean? | Four time/day (on Do not use list) |
| What does QOD mean? | Every other day (on Do not use list) |
| What does MS mean? | Morphine Sulfate (on Do not use list) |
| What does MgSO4 mean? | Magnesium Sulfate (on Do not use list) |
| Where does an Afferent Neuron send Impulses? (hint: it receives information from outside) | Afferent (Sensory) sends impulses from muscles and other parts (toward CNS). External changes such as cold/heat, internal changes such as decrease in potassium or calcium |
| Where does an Efferent Neuron send impulses? (hint: It represents the motor function of the nervous system) | Efferent (Motor) sends impulses from CNS to muscles and other parts (response to brain's interpretation of signals making muscles move or interact, glands secrete hormones & other chemicals into bloodstream |
| Deine Neuron | Smallest unit of the nervous system aka nerve cell |
| What two systems work together to maintain Homeostasis? (Homeostasis = control or balance of the body) | Endocrine system (Hormone System discussed in 301) and Nervous System |
| Known the function for each part of the Neuron.Dendrite | Dendrite is the branching structure of a neuron that receives Messages (attached to cell body) |
| The function of the Axon is: | The Axon is the long extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses AWAY from the body of a cell. |
| The function of the Cell Body: | The Cell Body of the Neuron contains the nucleus (AKA the Soma) |
| What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System? | Sympathetic and PSNS |
| Define Agonist | drug that binds to a receptor to produce a predicted action |
| Define Antagonist | drug that binds to a receptor to prevent a response |
| What is the mechanism of action for the Beta Blockers (end in -olol) | MOA: Bind to beta receptors and prevent (block) EPI & NE from producing beta sympathetic effects; ie, they dec heart rate & force of contraction; impulse conduction thru conduction sys of heart. |
| What are Beta Blockers used to treat? | Useful for tx of pts suffering from shock, cardiac arrest, or respiratory difficulty. |
| Beta-2 receptors are predominantly found where? | Lungs |
| Stimulation of Beta-1 receptors______________. | increase the heart rate AND force of contraction |
| Define Ganglion. | A cluster of neurons |
| What are two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System? | Somatic and Autonomic (ANS) aka Visceral |
| What does stimulation of the Alpha-adrenergic receptors produce? | When stimulated by EPI or NE, produces smooth muscle contraction. Alpha receptors can produce dilation and constriction. |
| Alpha I does what? | Alpha I - sympathetic - fight or flight response; vasoconstriction & inc in B.P. |
| Alpha II does what? | Regulates amount of NE released. Can reduce amt of NE at nerve terminal |
| What local anesthetics relax the vasular smooth muscle? | lidocaine, procaine, bupivacaine |
| What is the other name for short-acting local anesthetics? | Esters |
| What do Cholinergic drugs treat? | tx of glaucoma, stimulate GI/genitourinary peristalis after general anethesia to prevent constipation & urinary retention, as antidotes for anticholingeric drugs, broncoconstriction, Inc BP, heart rate (mimic action of Acetycholine) |
| What information must be recorded on the repackaging log? | Expiration date, lot #, mfg,drug name/strength/form |
| Who checks the medication that a pharmacy technician packages? | Pharmacist |
| The hospital sends enough medication up to the nursing units to last each patient how long? | 24 hrs |
| Alpha-blockers generic names end in what? | --azosin |
| Patients suffering from Parkinson's disease are low in which naturally occurring neurotransmitter? | Dopamine |
| What neuromtransmitter do Cholinergic neurons release? | ACH (Acetycholine) |
| What neurotransmitter do Adrenergic neurons release? | Norepinephrine |
| Define Sympathomimetics | Drugs that mimic the action of the SNS |
| Define Homeostasis | stable or constant environment (control or balance) |
Created by:
lk32381
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