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Developmental OFFICI
Developmental psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| theory | set of organised ideas proposed to describe and/or explain one or more aspects of behaviour and mental processes. A psychological theory explains how and why certain thoughts, feeling and behaviors occur, usually based on scientific evidence |
| jean Piaget 4 stage theory | 4 distinct and sequential stages, birth to adulthood approximate age - cant jump, rate may vary, not everyone do not develop mental capabilities of a later stage without first acquiring those of an earlier stage outlined key cognitive accomplishments |
| The sensorimotor stage birth-2 | focus: physical sensations & on learning to co-ordinate his body emergence of symbolic function - capacity to represent world mentally learns about the world though their senses and through their actions (moving around and exploring its environment) |
| Invisible displacement df | object permanence development involves seeing an object hidden under a displacement device and then moved to a new hiding location. ~8months |
| Pre-operational 2-7 | able to internally represent events (smarter than 2yr old) symbolic thinking - the increasing ability to use symbols such as words and pictures to represent objects, places and events (box = tv) |
| The three mountain task | egocentric children assume other people have same POV According to piaget at age 6 thinking is no longer egocnetric as the child can see more than their own POV Aim: piaget wanted to find out at what age children decentre (not egocentric) |
| Concrete operational stage 7-12 | what children know and what they experience through their senses - i.e. what is concrete conservation - the idea that an object doesnt change its weight mass volume or area when an object changes its appearance or shape e.g. volume (break stick etc) |
| Formal operational stage 12+ yrs | more complex thought processes - sophisticated thinking abstract thinking - - a way of thinking that doesnt rely on being able to see or visualize things in order to understand concepts what is honesty? What is an ethical study? - beliefs - god |
| Piaget pendulum problem | The task was to work out which factor was most important in determining the sped of swing of the pendulum - 3 variables, can vary themself To find the correct answer the participants has to grasp the idea of the experimental method - one variable at time |
| Cognitive development | Refers to the development of perception, language, memory, problem solving, reasoning ,learning, information processing and other aspects of brain development compared to an adults capacities |
| invisible displacement aim & mthod | Aim - Wanted to investigate what age children acquired object permeance Method- Hide a toy under a blanket while child watching, observe whether child look for toy |
| invisible displacement results & conclusins | Results- Search for hidden toy around 8 months Conclusion- Children around 8 months have object permeance because they are able to form a mental representation of the object in their minds |
| The sensorimotor stage birth-2 - object permenancy | If it cannot see something then it doesn't exist. achievement: oobject permenance - requires ability to form mental representation develop goal directed behaviour - trial & error |
| Pre-operational 2-7 egocentrism | egocentrism - unable to see things from another persons perspective gradual stage shift from egocentric thought to decentred thought A pre-operational child can only focus on one quality or feature of an object at a time (size or number) |
| • Seriation | seriation involves the ability to put things in order based on quantity or magnitude. When we count numbers in order, we are demonstrating our ability to seriate because numbers represent abstract or generic form, specific quantities of things |
| • Animism | also a thinking style in this stage - the belief that everything which exists has consciousness or awareness - a child that bumps into a table and hurts themselves might ‘smack’ the ‘naughty table |
| • Centration | the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation at one time. When a child can focus on more than one aspect of a situation at the same time they have thee ability to decenter |
| 3 mountain task | 3 diff mountains, child allowed to walk around, doll placed where child isnt. shown photos of diff POV. asked which one doll sees 4 yr old choose what they see with no awarness theyre wrong. 6yr choose not their pov but stil wrong 7-8 correct chose |
| paiget pendelum resul | systematic approach indicated the children were thinking logically in the abstract and could see the relationship between things |
Created by:
procrast
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