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Module 14

Section 3: Hyperlipidemia

QuestionAnswer
What is hyperlipidemia? A condition that affects the cardiovascular system that is characterized by excessive amounts of fat or cholesterol in the blood.
What are risk factors for hyperlipidemia? Advancing age Family history of heart attack smoking hypertension low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL): less than 40 mg/dL
What are the signs of hyperlipidemia? high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL): greater than 130 mg/dL High levels of total cholesterol: greater than 200 mg/dL High triglycerides: greater than 150 mg/dL Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL): less than 40 mg/dL
What are the symptoms of hyperlipidemia? None, unless complications such as a heart attack are present
What is the basis of the Framingham Risk Score used to evaluate the status of hyperlipidemia? It is based on the 10-year risk of developing a heart attack.
What are complications of unmanaged hyperlipidemia? Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Heart attack or myocardial infarction Angina (chest pain)
Nonpharmacological therapy for hyperlipidemia Reducing saturated fat intake Restricting cholesterol: less than 200 mg/day Increasing fiber intake Managing weight Increasing physical activity Quitting smoking
Mechanism of action, possible side effects, an examples of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors Mechanism of action: Inhibits the enzyme responsible for making the precursor for cholesterol synthesis Possible side effects: Rhabdomyolysis, myalgia, liver damage Examples: Atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin
Mechanism of action, possible side effects, and examples of bile acid sequestrants Possible side effects: When used in conjunction with HMG-CoA; back or joint pain or both, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pancreatitis Ex: Cholestyramine, colesevelam, colestipol
Mechanism of action, possible side effects, and example of a fibrate Mechanism of action: Inhibits lipoprotein lipoprotein lipase to decrease triglycerides Possible side effects: Gallstones, constipation, myalgia, liver damage, gastrointestinal upset Ex: Fenofirate
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