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7th Grade Final
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Force | An interaction, that when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. |
Friction | A force that works against motion. |
Which poles of a magnet are attracted to each other. | The opposite poles. |
Gravity | A force that attracts objects towards each other. |
Magnetism | The force of attraction and repulsion around a material. |
Electricity | The flow of electrons. |
Unbalanced force | A force that produces a change in motion. |
Newton | The standard unit of force. |
Energy | The ability to do work. |
Potential energy | Energy that is stored. |
Kinetic energy | Energy that is in motion. |
Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It is transferred from one form to another. |
Conduction | Transfer of thermal energy by direct contact. |
Convection | Transfer of thermal energy by circulation or movement in air or liquids. |
Radiation | Transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves. |
Transverse waves | Waves where the medium moves at a right angle to the wave direction. |
Longitudinal waves | Waves where the medium moves back and forth in the wave direction. |
Crest | The highest point on a transverse wave. |
Trough | The lowest point on a transverse wave. |
Rarefaction | Where the particles are farthest apart in a longitudinal wave. |
Compression | Where the particles are closest together in a longitudinal wave. |
Mechanical wave | Waves that require a medium. (such as sound) |
Wavelength | The distance from one point on a wave and the same point on the next wave. (Crest to crest) |
What do waves with a higher frequency have? | Higher energy. |
Electromagnetic waves | Waves that don't require a medium in order to travel. (such as out in space) |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic waves extend. |
Radio waves | Waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequency. |
Gamma waves | Waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequency. |
System | A group of parts that work together as a whole. (Such as the earth). |
Crust | Thin layer of solid rock that makes up the outermost layer of the earth. |
Geosphere | The part of the earth that includes surface rocks, soil, and the earth's interior. |
Hydrosphere | The part of the earth that includes all bodies of water and groundwater, |
Biosphere | The part of the earth that includes all living things. |
Atmosphere | The part of the earth that includes several gases, water vapor, and dust particle. |
Engineering design process | The application of math, science, and technical principles in order to solve problems. |
Describe the Ask step | You define the problem, the criteria, and the constraints. |
Describe the Imagine step | You brainstorm ideas, are creative, and open-minded. |
Describe the Plan step | You choose a solution and draw a diagram. |
Describe the Create/Test step | You build a prototype of your solution and test it out. |
Describe the Improve step | You share results and discuss how to make the prototype better. |
Criteria | The standards that make the solution successful. |
Constraint | The limitations in the engineering design process. |
Prototype | An operating version of a solution. Often made with cheaper materials than the final version. |