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7th Grade Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Force | An interaction, that when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. |
| Friction | A force that works against motion. |
| Which poles of a magnet are attracted to each other. | The opposite poles. |
| Gravity | A force that attracts objects towards each other. |
| Magnetism | The force of attraction and repulsion around a material. |
| Electricity | The flow of electrons. |
| Unbalanced force | A force that produces a change in motion. |
| Newton | The standard unit of force. |
| Energy | The ability to do work. |
| Potential energy | Energy that is stored. |
| Kinetic energy | Energy that is in motion. |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It is transferred from one form to another. |
| Conduction | Transfer of thermal energy by direct contact. |
| Convection | Transfer of thermal energy by circulation or movement in air or liquids. |
| Radiation | Transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves. |
| Transverse waves | Waves where the medium moves at a right angle to the wave direction. |
| Longitudinal waves | Waves where the medium moves back and forth in the wave direction. |
| Crest | The highest point on a transverse wave. |
| Trough | The lowest point on a transverse wave. |
| Rarefaction | Where the particles are farthest apart in a longitudinal wave. |
| Compression | Where the particles are closest together in a longitudinal wave. |
| Mechanical wave | Waves that require a medium. (such as sound) |
| Wavelength | The distance from one point on a wave and the same point on the next wave. (Crest to crest) |
| What do waves with a higher frequency have? | Higher energy. |
| Electromagnetic waves | Waves that don't require a medium in order to travel. (such as out in space) |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic waves extend. |
| Radio waves | Waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequency. |
| Gamma waves | Waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequency. |
| Engineering design process | The application of math, science, and technical principles in order to solve problems. |
| Describe the Ask step | You define the problem, the criteria, and the constraints. |
| Describe the Imagine step | You brainstorm ideas, are creative, and open-minded. |
| Describe the Plan step | You choose a solution and draw a diagram. |
| Describe the Create/Test step | You build a prototype of your solution and test it out. |
| Describe the Improve step | You share results and discuss how to make the prototype better. |
| Criteria | The standards that make the solution successful. |
| Constraint | The limitations in the engineering design process. |
| Prototype | An operating version of a solution. Often made with cheaper materials than the final version. |
| Magnet | Magnets are rocks or metals that create an invisible field around themselves. |
| Circuit | A path through which electricity travels. |
| Conductor | Material that allows electricity to flow through it. |
| Insulator | Material in which electric current does not flow freely |
| When do gravitational forces increase? | When the masses are bigger and when the objects are closer. |
| Weight | A force caused by gravity. Greater the mass, the greater the weight will be. |
| Gravitational potential energy | Potential energy based by the weight and height of an object. GPE = Weight times height. |
| Temperature | A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| Joule | Standard unit of energy. |
| Medium | Material through which waves travel: gases, liquids, solids |
| Amplitude | How far the medium moves from the rest position. (height) |
| Frequency | How many waves go past a point in one second. |
| Reflection | Waves that bounce off a surface. |
| Refraction | Bending of waves when reaching a new medium. |
| Infrared waves | Waves that give off thermal heat. |
| Absorption of light | The transfer of light energy to matter. |
| Transmission of light | The passing of light through an object. |
| Transparent matter | Matter that transmits all light, such as glass |
| Translucent matter | Matter that transmits light, but scatters it, such as wax paper. |
| Opaque matter | Matter that does not transmit light, such as brick. |
| Analog signals | Signals sent as a continuous wave, such as landline phones. |
| Digital signals | Signals sent as numbers, 0 and 1, such as cell phones. |
| What would happen to your weight if you were on the moon? | It would be less because there is less gravity. |
| What would happen to your mass if you were on the moon? | It would stay the same. |
| What is a lunar eclipse? | A lunar eclipse is when the earth is in between the sun and the moon, causing the earth's shadow to block the full moon. |
| What is a solar eclipse? | A solar eclipse is when the moon is in between the sun and the earth, causing the new moon to block the sun's rays and cast a shadow on the earth. |
| What are terrestrial planets? | Dense, rocky planets closest to the sun. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. |
| What are gas giants? | Planets with deep massive atmospheres. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
| What is the difference between a prograde and retrograde rotation? | Prograde rotation is counterclockwise and retrograde is a clockwise rotation. |
| What is an astronomical unit? | The average distance from the sun to the earth. 93 million miles. |
| Which planet is often called earth’s twin and has a retrograde rotation? | Venus |
| Which planet has an axis of rotation that is tilted by almost 90%? | Uranus |
| Which planet is called the blue planet? | Neptune |
Created by:
cook2sm
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