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2-Fundamental Know.

Planning Movements

TermDefinition
Parks Movement Approx. 1845-1895, this movement was intentional about including parks in cities. Highlights include: Olmsted & Vaux's Design of Central Park as well as Eliot & Baxter, Boston extensive regional park system (1891-1893 and beyond)
Sanitary Reform and Public Health Movement began in the mid 1800’s as urbanization was happening at a rapid rate. The goal was to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and epidemics. Highlights: 1867/ 1879 NYC - 1st major tenement housing controls; 1879 Memphis Yellow Fever
Settlement House & Reform Movement A social movement in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the goal was to create a connectedness between the rich and the poor. The most famous Settlement House in the United States was Chicago’s Hull House founded by Jane Addams in 1889.
City Beautiful Movement Introduced on a large scale for the first time at the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893 by Daniel Burnham, the City Beautiful movement’s intent was to beautify cities, promote social order and encourage civic pride.
Garden City Movement Idea from Sir Ebenezer Howard in the late 1800s. The concept was that it would be self-contained with residential, industry and agriculture and surrounded by green space. The cities would then be linked by roads and railways back to a center city.
"Colonial" Planning Way before planning was seen as a profession, the focus was on urban design and street system. Highlights: 1682- Grids & Parks (Penn/ Holme); 1791- Radiocentric (Nicholson/ L'Enfant); Savannah's Ward Park System (Ogglethorpe)
Early US Planning (National) Highlights were: 1785: Public Land Ordinance 1825: Erie Canal opened 1862: Homestead and Morrill Acts Local 1879: “Old” NY tenement house law
Early US Planning (Local) Highlight: 1879: “Old” NY tenement house law
Socially Engineered Communities Highlights: 1869-Riverside, IL Model curved street “suburb” (Olmsted Sr & Vaux) 1880-Pullman, IL Model industrial town (George Pullman)
Created by: NMariee
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