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attachment OFFICIAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| attachment | The tendency of infants to form an emotional bond to another person, usually the main caregiver. formed during infancy, particularly in the first 12 months. influence on a person’s emotional development |
| Bowlby's theory 1969 | Children come into the world biologically pre-programed to form attachments with others, because this will help survival |
| monotropy | - A child has an innate need to attach to one main attachment figure / a close bond attachment with just one attachment figure - a failure to initiate or the breakdown of maternal attachment would lead to serious, negative consequences |
| critical period | 2.5 years If an attachment has not developed during this time period then it may well not happen at all later proposed a sensitive period of up to 5 years |
| Bowlby’s maternal deprivation hypothesis | suggests that continual disruption of the attachment between infant and primary caregiver could result in long term cognitive, social and emotional difficulties for that infant |
| long term consequences of maternal deprivation | Delinquency Reduced intelligence Increased aggression Depression Affection-less apathy (inability to show concern for others) |
| Internal working model *** | made of mental representations for understanding the world, self and others interactions are guided by memories and expectations from IWM primary caregiver acts as a prototype influences and helps to evaluate their contact become part of personality |
| 3 main features of the internal working model | 1. A model of others being trustworthy 2. A model of self as being valuable 3. A model of self as effective when interacting with others These 3 elements of the model guide future social and emotional behaviour |
| Criticisms/limitations (IWM) Rutter | attachment shown for a variety of figures not distinguishing between deprivation and privation quality of the bond IS the most important factor oversimplified maternal deprivation different effects on the child (loss, seperation, failure to develop) |
| deprivation vs privation | privation - a child fails to develop an emotional bond, deprivation - the loss of or damage to an attachment |
| Strong attachment needs 4 key elements | Proximity maintenance Safe haven Secure base Separation distress |
| Proximity maintenance | This is the infants desire to be near the person to whom it is attached |
| Safe haven | The ability to return to the attachment figure for comfort and safety when feeling unsafe or threatened |
| Secure base | The ability to perceive the attachment figure as a base of security from which the infant can explore the surrounding environment |
| Separation distress | Anxiety experienced when the attachment figure leaves the room or is absent |
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procrast
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