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Chemistry review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | What everything is composed of |
| Atom | The simplest particle of an element |
| Proton | A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron | A subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| Cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Surface Tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simple kinds of matter |
| A compound | a pure substance made up of two or more elements |
| A molecule | the simplest part of a substance that still has all of the properties of that substance. |
| Valence Electron | Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom |
| Mixture | A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| homogenous mixture (solution) | a mixture that is the same in its properties throughout given samples |
| heterogeneous mixture | A mixture that is not the same in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture |
| Solute | is the substance dissolved in the solution. |
| Solvent | is the substance in which the solute is dissolved |
| Water | the universal solvent |
| Periodic Table | an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties |
| Chemical Symbol | A one or two letter representation of an element |
| Atomic number | number of protons of an element |
| Atomic mass | the number of protons and neutrons added together |
| Period | A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| Group | Vertical column in the periodic table |
| Reactivity | How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances. |
| Metals | Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat. |
| Non-Metals | Low conductivity - not ductile - not malleable - brittle - dull - gas at room temp |
| Mettalloids | elements with some of the properties of metals and some of the properties of non-metals. Found along the zig zag line |
| Chemical Formula | A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance |
| Subscript | A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound |
| Yields | represented by an arrow in a chemical equation |
| Chemical Property | A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances |
| Physical Property | A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance |
| Chemical Change | A change in matter that produces one or more new substances |
| Physical Change | A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance |
| Reactant | A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction |
| Product | A substance produced in a chemical reaction |
| combustible | capable of catching fire or burning |
| malleable | easy to shape or bend |
| ductile | A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire. |
| Oxidation | A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen - as when iron oxidizes forming rust |
| Law of Conservation of mass | matter cannot be created or destroyed - it is all still present. |
| balanced equation | a chemical equation in which mass is conserved; each side of equation has the same number of atoms of each element |
| precipitate | A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction |
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