Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSY 212
Chapter 13: Learning and Memory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| learning | experience-dependent changes in the brain (synaptic plasticity) |
| perceptual learning | the ability to recognize and label a stimulus; this learning is carried out by integration of information in sensory association cortices |
| stimulus-response learning | manipulation of or exposure to a particular stimulus in space produces a physiological response (two subtypes: classical and operant conditioning) |
| motor learning | changes within the motor control systems; interaction between the body and its external environment (ex. Playing guitar, riding a bike) |
| relational learning | understanding relationships and “feature integration.” Spatial learning requires us to navigate our way through space–imagine that you’re lost and trying to navigate through a new city |
| long-term depression (LTD) | the weakening of a synapse when stimulation of presynaptic neurons is insufficient to activate the postsynaptic neurons |
| long-term potentiation (LTP) | strengthening of a synapse when presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons are active at the same time |
| hebbian learning | Donald Hebb proposed the famous neuroscience mantra: “neurons that wire together fire together” |
| positive reinforcement | adding a rewarding stimulus to make the preceding behavior occur more frequently |
| negative reinforcement | removing an aversive stimulus to make the preceding behavior occur more frequently |
| positive punishment | adding an aversive stimulus to make the preceding behavior less frequently |
| negative punishment | removing a rewarding stimulus to make the preceding behavior occur less frequently |
| fixed ratio | the reinforcement is provided after a set number of responses |
| fixed interval | the reinforcement is provided for a certain amount of time |
| variable ratio | the reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable number of responses |
| variable interval | the reinforcement is presented after the amount of time has passed |
| mirror neurons | neurons that respond when humans engage in a specific activity by observing something happening in their environment and performing the same action |
| classical conditioning | learning through association (Ivan Pavlov and Eye Blink Conditioning) |
| operant conditioning | response-consequence learning; shaping of behavior parallels shaping of the genome via evolution by natural selection |
| cam-kinases | transcription factors are involved in the production of transcribed mRNA (gene expression) |
| early phase LTP (E-LTP) | calcium is released to start with protein synthesis |
| late phase LTP (L-LTP) | includes changes in protein synthesis (i.e., gene expression) that produce long lasting changes in the brain |
| anterograde amnesia | inability to form new memories after traumatic brain injury |
| retrograde amnesia | inability to remember events before traumatic brain injury |
| korsakoff syndrome | alcohol/malnutrition-induced anterograde amnesia |
Created by:
senthis1
Popular Psychology sets