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PSY 212
Sensation and Perception and Chemical Senses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sensation | Information from the external world enters our body via sensory receptors for light, sound, touch, smell, and taste |
| vision | most reliable sense; devoted to visual processing; concerned with the detection of light stimuli |
| hue | determined by the wavelength of the light |
| saturation | purity of the light (i.e., are there multiple wavelengths/hues) |
| brightness | determined by the intensity of the light (i.e., how many waves of this kind of light are there) |
| extraocular muscles | responsible for moving the eye in various directions |
| sclera | outer coating of the eye, attaches to muscles |
| conjunctiva | outermost mucous membrane of the eye |
| cornea | outermost layer in front of the eye (transparent–allows light to pass through) |
| pupil | aperture that allows light into the eye (opening and closing is controlled by the iris) |
| lens | layers of transparent tissue that change shape to focus light (accommodation; shape is changed by ciliary muscles) |
| vitreous humor | fluid that fills the eye between the lens and retina |
| retina | back layer of the eye that contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) |
| optic disk | blind spot, gathering of sensory axons in the area of the retina that contains no photoreceptors (no photoreceptors = no vision) |
| vergence movements | fix both eyes on the same target, coordinated movement |
| saccadic movements | rapid back and forth movements used for scanning stimuli |
| pursuit movements | slower movements used for following objects through space, usually deliberate |
| photoreceptors | rods and cones |
| bipolar cells | “interneurons” connecting the photoreceptors with ganglion cells |
| ganglion cells | sensory neurons that form the optic nerve and enter the brain |
| horizontal cells | parallel connection of photoreceptors |
| amacrine cells | parallel connection of ganglion cells |
| outer segment | contains lamellae and photopigments |
| inner segment | contains nucleus |
| opponent process theory | the ability to perceive color is controlled by three receptor complexes with opposing actions |
| gustation | our sense of taste |
| olfaction | smell; older in the evolutionary sense |
| audition | second most important sense; as a species that relies on verbal language, it is arguably as important as vision |
Created by:
senthis1
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