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PSY 212
Chapter 3: The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ipsilateral | same side |
| contralateral | opposite side |
| neuraxis | imaginary line that runs down the center of spinal cord and brain |
| central nervous system | includes the brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | made up of cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| meninges | tough outer layer tissue (inside the skull) that insulates/protects the brain |
| dura mater | “hard mother”; most outer layer of connective tissue |
| arachnoid membrane | middle, spongy layer. Subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which insulates the brain and provides nutrients |
| pia mater | “loyal mother”; lower, thin layer of connective tissue that makes contact with the surface of the brain |
| forebrain | includes thalamus and hypothalamus |
| midbrain | contains structure that have secondary roles in vision, hearing and movement; contains the tectum and tegmentum |
| hindbrain | includes cerebellum and pons |
| frontal lobe | planning and decision making |
| parietal lobe | sensory motor function (sensory stuff, like touch) |
| temporal lobe | hearing, recognize faces |
| occipital lobe | vision |
| thalamus | responsible for processing visual (lateral geniculate nucleus) and auditory (medial geniculate nucleus) stimuli. Contains projection fibers that project to cortical areas for further processing |
| hypothalamus | governs autonomic nervous system and the four F’s: fighting, feeding, feelings, and mating |
| pituitary gland | secretes hormones that govern various behaviors through the body |
| cerebellum | coordination of movement |
| pons | means “bridge.” Contains areas of the reticular formation and is thus involved in sleeping/wakefulness |
| medulla oblongata | caudal end of brainstem. Controls heartbeat and respiration (this part of brain shouldn’t be damaged) |
| reticular formation | collection of many nuclei running through the middle of the hindbrain and the midbrain |
| autonomic nervous system | controls smooth muscle (stomach, blood vessels, etc.), the glands, heart, and other organs. Divided into two branches - sympathetic branch and parasympathetic branch |
| somatic nervous system | includes the motor neurons that operate the skeletal muscles; sensory neurons bring information into the CNS from the body and outside world |
| sympathetic branch | expenditure of energy, increases blood flow to the muscles, stimulates release of pro-energy hormones (epinephrine via adrenal medulla). Cell bodies originate in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord (fight or flight) |
| parasympathetic branch | storage of energy, increase digestion and blood flow to GI tract. Cell bodies located in vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X) or the sacral portion of the spinal cord |
| dorsal root ganglia | afferent neurons (bear towards CNS) bring sensory information to the brain |
| ventral root ganglia | efferent neurons (bear away from CNS) control movements of muscles |
| neurogenesis | birth of new neurons |
Created by:
senthis1
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