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PSY105 Modules 10-12

PSY 105 Modules 10-12: Nature, Nurture and Differences

QuestionAnswer
What is a human genome? The complete set of genetic "instructions" for human reproduction
What are genes? Small DNA which synthesize proteins.
What is a monozygotic twin? one egg that has identical twins, with identical DNA
What is a dizygotic twin? two eggs (fraternal) that have twins are are different, just like ordinary siblings
What does poly genetic mean? Many genes contribute to a single trait or characteristics
What is the twin studies? If twins are separated at birth, raised in separate families, traits that are heavily influence by genetics will be similar in twins; traits influence more by environment will not. Twins tend to have simialr personalities
What is the adoption studies? The environment influences personality traits. Adopted siblings (unless identical twins) that are raised together are not alike regarding personality.
What is temperament? personality "temperature" How reactive someone is, short temper or not.
What is heritability? The extent to which differences between individuals can be attributed to differing genes.
What is behavior geneticists? study how environment and genes interplay to make us who we are
What is molecular behavior geneticists? studying how the molecular function and structure of genes influence behavior.
What are epigenetics? How environmental factors influence genetic expression. "switched" on/off by environmental influences.
What are epigenetic marks? organic molecules that attach themselves to DNA and can block or allow gene expression.
What do evolutionary psychologists study? how ware similar and the evolutionary forces that caused those similarities.
Explain theory of evolution and natural selection. traits which increase the chances of survival are more likely to be passed on to offspring.
What is sexual over perception bias? men typically have more sexual interest in women, and often mistakenly perceive friendliness for sexual interest.
Explain attachment theory example Having a child-parent bond in the same room, introduced to toys, and the infant is more likely to play with toys in parent is in room/playing with the toys. If a stranger joins, baby cry, but is fine when parent is not alarmed.
What are social scripts Cultural rules for behaving
What is an enriched environment? environment with plenty of stimuli and opportunities for interaction and learning.
what does an enriched environment encourage? neurological development, not only during infancy, but years down the road. early development sets foundation for brain development for years to come.
True/False: Parents should take full responsibility for their child's successes and failures False, the influences from people around them (friends) are usually much stronger, therefore parents should take less credit for their child's successes and less blame for their child's failures.
Explain the selection effect The tendency for peers to choose friends that most closely resemble them.
What is culture stable shared set of attitudes, behaviors, values, traditions, ideas and norms (socially acceptable)
What is a collectivist? cultures that tend to vlaue the success of the cultureal group over individual success and individual identity is highly tied to group.
What is a individualist? Cultures that tend to value individual success and emphasize the importance of uniqueness and self above group.
What is androgyny A blurring of the line between what is "male" and "female". An androgynous individual may express a mixture of male and female characteristics
Created by: eneill
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