click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Myers Module 23
Thinking
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Cognition | the mental activites associated with processing, understanding, remembering and communicating |
Cognitive Psychologists | Study logical and illogical cognition |
Concept | mental groupings of similar objects, events and people. |
Prototype | mental image or best example of a category |
Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem; slower but more correct |
Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; speedy but more error prone |
Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; contrasts with strategy based solutions. |
Confirmation Bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions. |
Fixation | the inability to see a problem from new perspective |
Functional Fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions |
Representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information |
Availability Heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common |
Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs and judgements |
Framing | the way an issue is posed |
Belief perseverance | clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. |