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Where are sensory receptors for the general senses found?
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For all receptors, stimulation of a receptor results in a change in ______.
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chap 12 A&P
chi 12 A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where are sensory receptors for the general senses found? | throughout the body |
| For all receptors, stimulation of a receptor results in a change in ______. | the membrane potential |
| The interpretation by the brain of incoming sensory impulses is called | perception |
| The ability of the nervous system to become less responsive to a maintained stimulus is called sensory | adaptation |
| The _____ senses rely on receptors distributed throughout the body (for example in skin and muscles), while the ______ senses rely on specialized receptors found in structures in the head. | general sense & special sense |
| True or false: Receptors for the general senses are very localized, and found in the skin only. | F |
| Receptors are classified based on their sensitivity to different types of stimuli. The five main types of receptors are ______, pain receptors, _______,mechanoreceptors, and photoreceptors. | chemoreceptors & thermoreceptors |
| What is the immediate result of stimulating a receptor? | The receptor's membrane potential changes. |
| The term ______ refers to information sent by sensory receptors to the brain. The term ______ refers to the interpretation of that information by the cerebral cortex. | sensation; perception |
| What is the term for the ability of the brain to prioritize the sensory input it receives and to ignore unimportant stimuli? | adaptation |
| Which three of the following regions are associated with receptors for the general senses? | joints, muscles, viscera |
| Name the two types of thermoreceptors. | cold, warm |
| ______ protects the body because they are stimulated when there is tissue damage, thereby promoting a response that may prevent further damage. | Pain receptors |
| Choose all true statements about the sensory receptors responsible for the general senses. | They are associated with the viscera, They are found throughout the skin, They are widespread in the body. |
| The classification of sensory receptors as photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, etc., is based on what characteristic of the receptors? | Stimulus type that causes a response |
| The group of mechanoreceptors called ______ are responsible for informing the CNS about body position and length/tension of skeletal muscles. | proprioceptors |
| Choose two types of receptors that sense touch and pressure. | lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles, free nerve endings |
| The thermoreceptors in the skin are classified as _____receptors and ______ receptors. | warm & cold |
| List three characteristics of pain receptors. | they are sensitive to tissue damage, they are lacking in the brain, they are nociceptors |
| True or false: Receptors for the general senses are very localized, and found in the skin only. | F |
| What is the function of proprioceptors? | They detect body position and the state of skeletal muscle contraction. |
| The senses that are classified as the_________senses include the senses of smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and sight. | special |
| Pain receptors are widely distributed throughout the body, but they are not found in the: | brain |
| Which three of the following regions are associated with receptors for the general senses? | viscera, muscles, joints |
| Olfactory receptors are a type of receptor called ______ that sense ______. | chemoreceptors; chemicals dissolved in liquid |
| Choose two types of receptors that sense touch and pressure. | lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles, free nerve endings |
| The thermoreceptors in the skin are classified as______ receptors and ______ receptors | warm & cold |
| ______ protects the body because they are stimulated when there is tissue damage, thereby promoting a response that may prevent further damage. | pain receptors |
| Which of the following is true concerning the sense of smell? | chemicals must be dissolved in liquid to be detected |
| What are the sensory organs for taste called? | taste buds |
| Free nerve endings, tactile corpuscles, and lamellated corpuscles are types of ______ receptors. | touch |
| The three sections of the ear are____ ear, ___ ear, and ____ ear. | outer, middle, inner |
| The specialized organs responsible for gustation are called ______ | taste buds |
| The tympanic membrane is also called the_______(a non-anatomical term). | eardrum |
| Sound travels in waves. The higher the waves (the greater the amplitude), the ______ the sound. | louder |
| Which structure of the outer ear vibrates back and forth, transferring the sound wave vibrations to the middle ear? | the tympanic membrane |
| List three components of the outer ear. | tympanic membrane, auricle, external acoustic meatus |
| Which of the following are housed in the middle ear? | the auditory ossicles |
| The malleus, incus, and stapes are the three small bones known as the auditory _____ | ossicles |
| Vibrations that travel through matter in the form of waves produce sound. The greater the frequency of the waves, the ______ the sound. | higher-pitched |
| What happens to the tympanic membrane when sound waves pass down the external acoustic meatus? | The tympanic membrane vibrates. |
| Sound waves that enter the external acoustic meatus cause the_______membrane to vibrate back and forth, reproducing the vibrations of the sound-wave source. | tympanic |
| Which structure helps to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane? | auditory tube |
| The labyrinth of the inner ear contains two distinct parts: the_____ and the ______ canals | cochlea, semicircular |
| Which of the following structures functions in both hearing and equilibrium? | vestibule |
| The ______organ (organ of Corti) contains the hearing receptors in the cochlea. | spiral |
| Name the receptor cells that are responsible for the sense of hearing. | hair cells |
| the ______, or ________ ,tube connects each middle ear to the throat, allowing air to pass between the tympanic cavity and the outside of the body. | auditory, eustachian |
| Which structure contains the hearing receptors? | cochlea |
| Where is the spiral organ located within the cochlea? | the superior surface of the basilar membrane in the cochlear duct |
| Within the spiral organ, hair cells have what role? | Hair cells are receptor cells. |
| What structure connects the middle ear cavity to the throat (nasopharynx)? | auditory tube |
| The _____membrane is attached to the bony shelf of the cochlea and extends as an overhang above the hair cells in the spiral organ. | tectorial |
| Which structure contains the hearing receptor cells and converts mechanical sound waves to electrical signals? | spinal organ |
| Where is the tectorial membrane located? | in the spiral organ |
| Name the structure that contains the hearing receptors in the cochlea. | spinal organ |
| The hair cells in the spiral organ have extensions called ______, which respond to mechanical stimuli. | stereocilia |
| Which structure is located in the spiral organ, where it is attached to the bony shelf of the cochlea and extends like an overhang above the hair cells? | tectorial membrane |
| What is the effect of stimulating a variety of hair cells simultaneously? | multiple tones are heard |
| What is the typical range of frequencies that can be heard by a young person with normal hearing? | 20-20,000 vibrations per second |
| The sense of ______ equilibrium maintains the stability of the head and body when they are motionless. The sense of ______ equilibrium balances the head and the body when they are suddenly moved or rotated. | static, dynamic |
| True or false: The extrinsic eye muscles are considered accessory organs of the eye. | T |
| How does the ear differentiate between sounds of different frequencies (pitches)? | Hair cells at different locations in the cochlea respond to different pitches. |
| What type of sensory receptors are abundant in the cornea? | cold receptors, pain receptors |
| The vascular tunic of the eye includes the _____ coat, the _____ body, and the iris | choroid, ciliary |
| Static equilibrium senses ______. Dynamic equilibrium senses ______. | position of the head; balance when in motion |
| The upper and lower ____ , and the ______apparatus are accessory organs that help protect the eye | eyelids, lacrimal |
| What is the cornea? | The transparent part of the outer (fibrous) layer of the eye. |
| The _____forms the inner, or nervous, the tunic of the eye. It contains photoreceptors. | retina |
| The clear, anterior-most structure of the eye, part of the fibrous tunic, is called the____ | cornea |
| The five major groups of neurons in the retina are the photoreceptors, the bipolar neurons, the ______cells, the horizontal cells, and the _____cells. | ganglion, amacrine |
| The vascular tunic of the eye includes the ______ coat, the _____body, and the iris. | choroid, ciliary |
| The portion of the retina that produces the greatest visual acuity (sharpness of image) is the ______. It is located within a patch of cells posterior to the center of the lens called the ______. | fovea centralis, macula lutea |
| The retina is continuous with the _____nerve in the back of the eye. It extends forward as the lining the inner surface of the eyeball ending at the ______ body. | optic, ciliary |
| Which three groups of cells in the retina provide a direct pathway for impulses triggered at the photoreceptors to the optic nerve? | bipolar neurons, ganglion cells, photoreceptors |
| What is the yellow patch of cells in the central region of the retina called? | macula lutea |
| The visual receptor cells are located in the ______. | retina |
| Which two groups of neurons in the retina allow information to pass laterally between retinal cells, thereby modifying the pattern of impulses conducted on the fibers of the direct pathway? | amacrine cells, horizontal cells |
| The portion of the retina that produces the greatest visual acuity (sharpness of image) is the ______. It is located within a patch of cells posterior to the center of the lens called the ______. | fovea centralis, macula lutea |
| The optic nerve, as well as the central artery and vein that supply the eye with blood, exit the eye through the optic ____ | disc |
| The vitreous body is a jelly-like substance located between what two structures of the eye? | lens and the retina |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes the optic disc? | It is the area of the retina lacking photoreceptors. |
| The posterior cavity of the eye is a larger space bounded by the ciliary body, the______ , and the _______ | lens, retina |
| The vitreous _____along with collagenous fibers form the vitreous ______ . | humor & body |
| After light passes through the lens, it goes through the ______ before hitting the retina. | vitreous body |
| the _____humor is a jelly-like substance located between the lens and the retina of the eyeball. | vitreous |
| The bending of light rays as they pass through objects of different densities is called _____ | refraction |
| When light passes through a convex surface, the light rays bend, resulting in ______ of the light waves. | convergence |
| What area of the retina is lacking photoreceptors and is referred to as the blind spot? | the optic disc |
| The posterior cavity of the eye is a larger space bounded by the ciliary body, the ______, and the _____ | lens & retina |
| The refraction of light is the ______ of light rays as they pass from one medium to another. | bending |
| Light from distant objects (more than 20 feet) travels in parallel lines. Thus, the lens needs to be ______ in order to focus the image on the retina. | flatter |
| The lens is rounder when viewing ______ objects so that it can cause greater bending of the incoming divergent light rays. | close |
| When the visual pigment rhodopsin is exposed to light, it breaks down into ______ and _______ | opsin & retinal |
| Cones have a type of light-sensitive pigment called _____ (similar to rhodopsin). Three types of this pigment are present in the cones; each is sensitive to a different wavelength of light. | iodopsin |
| The degeneration or failure of hearing neural pathways to the brain which can occur with aging is called _____, while the condition of hearing a ringing or roaring in the ears is called _______ | presbycusis & tinnitus |
| Each type of ______ responds to a different wavelength of light. This is because each type contains a different type of ______. | cone; iodopsin |
| As a person ages, they usually have more difficulty hearing ______. | high pitches |
| The light-sensitive pigment in rods is called ____, or visual purple. | rhodopsin |
Created by:
Thuythi15