chap 12 A&P Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Where are sensory receptors for the general senses found?	throughout the body
For all receptors, stimulation of a receptor results in a change in ______.	the membrane potential
The interpretation by the brain of incoming sensory impulses is called	perception
The ability of the nervous system to become less responsive to a maintained stimulus is called sensory	adaptation
The _____ senses rely on receptors distributed throughout the body (for example in skin and muscles), while the ______ senses rely on specialized receptors found in structures in the head.	general sense & special sense
True or false: Receptors for the general senses are very localized, and found in the skin only.	F
Receptors are classified based on their sensitivity to different types of stimuli. The five main types of receptors are ______, pain receptors, _______,mechanoreceptors, and photoreceptors.	chemoreceptors & thermoreceptors
What is the immediate result of stimulating a receptor?	The receptor's membrane potential changes.
The term ______ refers to information sent by sensory receptors to the brain. The term ______ refers to the interpretation of that information by the cerebral cortex.	sensation; perception
What is the term for the ability of the brain to prioritize the sensory input it receives and to ignore unimportant stimuli?	adaptation
Which three of the following regions are associated with receptors for the general senses?	joints, muscles, viscera
Name the two types of thermoreceptors.	cold, warm
______ protects the body because they are stimulated when there is tissue damage, thereby promoting a response that may prevent further damage.	Pain receptors
Choose all true statements about the sensory receptors responsible for the general senses.	They are associated with the viscera, They are found throughout the skin, They are widespread in the body.
The classification of sensory receptors as photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, etc., is based on what characteristic of the receptors?	Stimulus type that causes a response
The group of mechanoreceptors called ______ are responsible for informing the CNS about body position and length/tension of skeletal muscles.	proprioceptors
Choose two types of receptors that sense touch and pressure.	lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles, free nerve endings
The thermoreceptors in the skin are classified as _____receptors and ______ receptors.	warm & cold
List three characteristics of pain receptors.	they are sensitive to tissue damage, they are lacking in the brain, they are nociceptors
True or false: Receptors for the general senses are very localized, and found in the skin only.	F
What is the function of proprioceptors?	They detect body position and the state of skeletal muscle contraction.
The senses that are classified as the_________senses include the senses of smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and sight.	special
Pain receptors are widely distributed throughout the body, but they are not found in the:	brain
Which three of the following regions are associated with receptors for the general senses?	viscera, muscles, joints
Olfactory receptors are a type of receptor called ______ that sense ______.	chemoreceptors; chemicals dissolved in liquid
Choose two types of receptors that sense touch and pressure.	lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles, free nerve endings
The thermoreceptors in the skin are classified as______ receptors and ______ receptors	warm & cold
______ protects the body because they are stimulated when there is tissue damage, thereby promoting a response that may prevent further damage.	pain receptors
Which of the following is true concerning the sense of smell?	chemicals must be dissolved in liquid to be detected
What are the sensory organs for taste called?	taste buds
Free nerve endings, tactile corpuscles, and lamellated corpuscles are types of ______ receptors.	touch
The three sections of the ear are____ ear, ___ ear, and ____ ear.	outer, middle, inner
The specialized organs responsible for gustation are called ______	taste buds
The tympanic membrane is also called the_______(a non-anatomical term).	eardrum
Sound travels in waves. The higher the waves (the greater the amplitude), the ______ the sound.	louder
Which structure of the outer ear vibrates back and forth, transferring the sound wave vibrations to the middle ear?	the tympanic membrane
List three components of the outer ear.	tympanic membrane, auricle, external acoustic meatus
Which of the following are housed in the middle ear?	the auditory ossicles
The malleus, incus, and stapes are the three small bones known as the auditory _____	ossicles
Vibrations that travel through matter in the form of waves produce sound. The greater the frequency of the waves, the ______ the sound.	higher-pitched
What happens to the tympanic membrane when sound waves pass down the external acoustic meatus?	The tympanic membrane vibrates.
Sound waves that enter the external acoustic meatus cause the_______membrane to vibrate back and forth, reproducing the vibrations of the sound-wave source.	tympanic
Which structure helps to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane?	auditory tube
The labyrinth of the inner ear contains two distinct parts: the_____ and the ______ canals	cochlea, semicircular
Which of the following structures functions in both hearing and equilibrium?	vestibule
The ______organ (organ of Corti) contains the hearing receptors in the cochlea.	spiral
Name the receptor cells that are responsible for the sense of hearing.	hair cells
the ______, or ________ ,tube connects each middle ear to the throat, allowing air to pass between the tympanic cavity and the outside of the body.	auditory, eustachian
Which structure contains the hearing receptors?	cochlea
Where is the spiral organ located within the cochlea?	the superior surface of the basilar membrane in the cochlear duct
Within the spiral organ, hair cells have what role?	Hair cells are receptor cells.
What structure connects the middle ear cavity to the throat (nasopharynx)?	auditory tube
The _____membrane is attached to the bony shelf of the cochlea and extends as an overhang above the hair cells in the spiral organ.	tectorial
Which structure contains the hearing receptor cells and converts mechanical sound waves to electrical signals?	spinal organ
Where is the tectorial membrane located?	in the spiral organ
Name the structure that contains the hearing receptors in the cochlea.	spinal organ
The hair cells in the spiral organ have extensions called ______, which respond to mechanical stimuli.	stereocilia
Which structure is located in the spiral organ, where it is attached to the bony shelf of the cochlea and extends like an overhang above the hair cells?	tectorial membrane
What is the effect of stimulating a variety of hair cells simultaneously?	multiple tones are heard
What is the typical range of frequencies that can be heard by a young person with normal hearing?	20-20,000 vibrations per second
The sense of ______ equilibrium maintains the stability of the head and body when they are motionless. The sense of ______ equilibrium balances the head and the body when they are suddenly moved or rotated.	static, dynamic
True or false: The extrinsic eye muscles are considered accessory organs of the eye.	T
How does the ear differentiate between sounds of different frequencies (pitches)?	Hair cells at different locations in the cochlea respond to different pitches.
What type of sensory receptors are abundant in the cornea?	cold receptors, pain receptors
The vascular tunic of the eye includes the _____ coat, the _____ body, and the iris	choroid, ciliary
Static equilibrium senses ______. Dynamic equilibrium senses ______.	position of the head; balance when in motion
The upper and lower ____ , and the ______apparatus are accessory organs that help protect the eye	eyelids, lacrimal
What is the cornea?	The transparent part of the outer (fibrous) layer of the eye.
The _____forms the inner, or nervous, the tunic of the eye. It contains photoreceptors.	retina
The clear, anterior-most structure of the eye, part of the fibrous tunic, is called the____	cornea
The five major groups of neurons in the retina are the photoreceptors, the bipolar neurons, the ______cells, the horizontal cells, and the _____cells.	ganglion, amacrine
The vascular tunic of the eye includes the ______ coat, the _____body, and the iris.	choroid, ciliary
The portion of the retina that produces the greatest visual acuity (sharpness of image) is the ______. It is located within a patch of cells posterior to the center of the lens called the ______.	fovea centralis, macula lutea
The retina is continuous with the _____nerve in the back of the eye. It extends forward as the lining the inner surface of the eyeball ending at the ______ body.	optic, ciliary
Which three groups of cells in the retina provide a direct pathway for impulses triggered at the photoreceptors to the optic nerve?	bipolar neurons, ganglion cells, photoreceptors
What is the yellow patch of cells in the central region of the retina called?	macula lutea
The visual receptor cells are located in the ______.	retina
Which two groups of neurons in the retina allow information to pass laterally between retinal cells, thereby modifying the pattern of impulses conducted on the fibers of the direct pathway?	amacrine cells, horizontal cells
The portion of the retina that produces the greatest visual acuity (sharpness of image) is the ______. It is located within a patch of cells posterior to the center of the lens called the ______.	fovea centralis, macula lutea
The optic nerve, as well as the central artery and vein that supply the eye with blood, exit the eye through the optic ____	disc
The vitreous body is a jelly-like substance located between what two structures of the eye?	lens and the retina
Which of the following statements accurately describes the optic disc?	It is the area of the retina lacking photoreceptors.
The posterior cavity of the eye is a larger space bounded by the ciliary body, the______ , and the _______	lens, retina
The vitreous _____along with collagenous fibers form the vitreous ______ .	humor & body
After light passes through the lens, it goes through the ______ before hitting the retina.	vitreous body
the _____humor is a jelly-like substance located between the lens and the retina of the eyeball.	vitreous
The bending of light rays as they pass through objects of different densities is called _____	refraction
When light passes through a convex surface, the light rays bend, resulting in ______ of the light waves.	convergence
What area of the retina is lacking photoreceptors and is referred to as the blind spot?	the optic disc
The posterior cavity of the eye is a larger space bounded by the ciliary body, the ______, and the _____	lens & retina
The refraction of light is the ______ of light rays as they pass from one medium to another.	bending
Light from distant objects (more than 20 feet) travels in parallel lines. Thus, the lens needs to be ______ in order to focus the image on the retina.	flatter
The lens is rounder when viewing ______ objects so that it can cause greater bending of the incoming divergent light rays.	close
When the visual pigment rhodopsin is exposed to light, it breaks down into ______ and _______	opsin & retinal
Cones have a type of light-sensitive pigment called _____ (similar to rhodopsin). Three types of this pigment are present in the cones; each is sensitive to a different wavelength of light.	iodopsin
The degeneration or failure of hearing neural pathways to the brain which can occur with aging is called _____, while the condition of hearing a ringing or roaring in the ears is called _______	presbycusis & tinnitus
Each type of ______ responds to a different wavelength of light. This is because each type contains a different type of ______.	cone; iodopsin
As a person ages, they usually have more difficulty hearing ______.	high pitches
The light-sensitive pigment in rods is called ____, or visual purple.	rhodopsin

Created by: Thuythi15