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Capstone Final Exam
| who | what |
|---|---|
| Descarte | body + mind/soul. dualism, I think therefore I am |
| Locke | mind is a blank slate upon which out experiences are written |
| Leibniz | mind is a block of marble with veins that can take the blows of the sculptor |
| Gall | controversial, phrenology, Broca's aphasia, Fluent Aphasia, ablation |
| Penfield | new treatment for severe epilepsy patients, differentiation between mind and brain. (never able to ablate someone's mind not believing something) |
| Kant | psychology not real, thoughts are too abstract to measure. "table-ness" is made up in the mind to make sense of what we perceive. (is this just reducing the need for understanding of stimuli to the ability to identify it?) |
| Gestalt | how mind organizes pieces of perception into whole pictures (field and ground) |
| Wundt | studies of time, psychophysics, mental chronometry (processing speed) |
| Titchner | structuralism, introspection, structure of minds' elements (i.e. memory), all mental contents reduced to sensory elements (Wundt's student) |
| Darwin | species developed distinctive characteristics |
| Galton | psychology of individual differences, anthropometry (measuring humans), nature over nurture, racist (eugenics) |
| James | pragmatism (can evaluate ideas within specific/ limited contexts), human stream of consciousness- always flowing. Never able to experience same thing twice. |
| James | Emotion is a consequence of action rather than cause. Habit and mechanistic view v. nonmechanistic will. Began studying "mediums" and later devoted himself to spiristic phenomena. |
| Hall | child studies, white boys better, Freudian |
| Thorndike | chicken/cat escape boxes, functionalism, intelligence a combo of factors, Darwinian |
| Pavlov | classical conditioning, higher-order conditioning, generalization, differentiation, experimental neurosis, theory of the brain: excitation and inhibition. |
| Watson | rats, behaviorism, goal to predict and control behavior, denies distinction between animal and man. Even emotions are conditioned responses(so nothing genuine?) |
| Watson | Little Albert study, consequences of raising his children under behaviorist model= both sons very successful in careers but both depressed/ suicidal. |
| Skinner | operant conditioning (skinner boxes), gave control over reinforcement and the condition of it. Extinction, schedules of reinforcement, negative and positive reinforcement, |
| Mesmer | "mesmerized", animal magnetism, hypnosis, social contagion and social facilitation |
| Milgram | shock authority study (ethical issues like Zimbardo 's Harvard prison study). |
| Festinger | person holds two contradicting beliefs= cognitive dissonance |
| Freud | took hysteria patients seriously, almost believed in God, free association, interpretation of dreams, unconscious as God, erroneous zones, Oedipus complex, childhood sexuality, pleasure principle. |
| Allport | personality psychology, mature and immature religion |
| Maslow | social behavior, self-actualization, healthy people want to fulfill their potential. When the individual is doing what they are fitted (made) for! (reminiscent of plato's republic and specialized roles). positive approach to psychology. |
| Maslow | Father of Humanistic psychology |
| Binet | noticed differences within his children (twins) as they grew up, individual psychology, Binet intelligence test, age appropriate testing |
| Piaget | stages of development (sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete, formal) |
| Machines and Congnition | first calculator, mind v machine, AI, binary arithmetic |
| Babbage | analytical machine |
| Ada Lovelace | mathematician, saw analytical machine's limitations, can't originate new ideas, only what a human tells it to. |
| Miller | Memory (short term) seven plus or minus two |
| Munsterberg | applied psychology, mechanization and technological advances, disagreed with any therapy |
| Lillian Gilbreth | worker efficiency, health, and longevity of workers |
| Clinical Psychology | tension between lab and clinic, golden age of psychoanalysis (1950s) to help retiring WWII vets. Shortage of professionals trained for this. No agreed upon definition of clinical psychology, more training programs/ models appeared. |
| David Shakow | key leader in designing standardization of clinical psychology graduate program |
| Rogers | client centered therapy, psychological problems arise when actualizing tendency is disrupted, inner world, unconditional positive regard. |
| Albert Ellis | (RET) Rational Emotive Therapy- teach clients to change their attitudes/ beliefs |
| 4 categories of irrational beliefs | Demands, catastrophizing statements, low frustration tolerance, global evaluations worth ("absolutely"). |
| Hathaway | (MMPI) Minnesota Multiphasic personality test |
| Rorschach | ink blot test |
| Barrett | why would anyone believe in God?, ToM, reflective and non reflective beliefs, minimally counterintuitive concepts (MCI) |
| Socrates | assumes his opponents are right before moving onto his- respectful. Runs out their thinking then together realize it's wrong. |
| Socrates | unity brings happiness. You don’t get unity with injustice. Your function is what you do best. |
| Plato | Uses simple analogies and metaphors to help people understand in tangible ways, everyday relevance, (like Jesus’ method of teaching) |
| Plato | is consistent and fair minded not a utopian ideologist. |
| Epistemology, Metaphysics | _____(how you know something) has become more important than ______(the study of reality) |
| Aristotle | Humans are meaning seekers. Potency to actual (seed to an oak, child to adult- requires something actual to bring about something with potential.) |
| Aristotle | Every person wants happiness, evil actions are using the apparent good instead of the real good/means to get them. We aim at an accurate good to be happy. There is nothing potential in God- he is fully actualized. God is pure act. |
| Aristotle | We seek happiness naturally, in order to obtain this (arguably after sin entering the world) is to live a contemplative live, evaluating what you are seeking- ensure that it is a real good not a perceived good that will actually lead to unhappiness. |
| Aristotle | No one ever says i wanna be happy so i can win the lottery, or i wanna be happy so that i can travel the world? We always choose happiness for itself- do everything to get it, even making others happy makes us happy eventually. |
| Aristotle | The function of human beings is to be happy, to be blessed- when they are the most excellent virtuous activity of the mind/ spirit. |
| Aristotle | 2 kinds of virtues: moral:product of habit… and intellectual:owes its existence to instruction. He says we aren’t born good or bad- it is natural for us to be habitual. Early Christians will say no there’s the fall, the broken will. |
| Aristotle | true well being- very concrete, something you can do and actualize by performing it. discovered logic, physics, biology. |
| Augustine's Confessions | A prayer overheard Meant to be read aloud We have an infinite will within us, something has to fill it up and no finite thing can. |
| Augustine's Confessions | Children are naturally humble bc they are constantly aware there are people around them greater and bigger, older than them. Adults don’t have that bc they feel like they are the biggest baddest thing around (that they can see) |
| Augustine's Confessions | Children and adults need to know there is something bigger than themselves to clean up the mess that we are. Sin is a lack of reality- the free misuse of some good given to us |
| Augustine's Confessions | Evil is a privation- something that’s missing, like a parasite, borrows the good and prevents it, lacking perfection. Evil is self imploding. Evil- destruction itself, destroys itself, destruction is self-destructive. Destruction is destructive. |
| Augustine's Confessions | If you can fully comprehend it, it’s not God. You will never fully exhaust that gold mine, sin yields to become habit, Why do you stand upon yourself and still not stand at all |
| Augustine's Confessions | Evil is self imploding. Evil- destruction itself, destroys itself, destruction is self-destructive. Destruction is destructive. Purpose of pleasure is it is a foretaste- slight picture of what is in store for you if you center your life around truth. |
| Augustine's confessions | Even in evil some pleasure reminder God wants us to be happy,not in the way we are using it. Not cheap version only lastin a moment then ruins our lives. Constantly pointing us back to pleasure and happiness through allowing us to experience happiness. |
| Augustine's Confessions | Memory is our psychological version of the Father. (three parts to our soul that match the trinity) |
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maggiemiksmith
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