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Psych Chapter 13

TermDefinition
5 Guidelines for abnormal behavior: 1. Unusualness 2. Social deviance 3. Emotional distress 4. Maladaptive (interferes with general life) 5. Dangerousness 6. Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality
Medical Model A framework for understanding abnormal patterns as symptoms of underlying brain disorders and diseases
Biopsychosocial model An integrative model for explaining abnormal behavior patterns in terms of the interactions of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
Diathesis-stress model A type of biopsychosocial model that relates development of disorders to the combination of a diathesis, or predisposition, usually genetic, and exposure to stressful events and life circumstances
Diathesis Vulnerability or predisposition to developing disorder
Psychological disorder Abnormal behavior patterns characterized by disturbances in behavior, thinking, perceptions, or emotions that are associated with significant personal distress or impaired functioning
Somatic symptom/related disorders Class of psychological disorders involving physical ailments or complaints that cannot be explained by normal causes or that involve exaggerated concerns about the seriousness of these symptoms
Conversion disorder A psychological disorder characterized by a change in or loss of a physical function that cannot medically be explained
Secondary gain Reward value of having psychological or physical symptoms, such as release from ordinary responsibilities
Mood disorders A class of psychological disorders involving disturbances in mood states, such as depression and bipolar disorder
Learned helplessness model View that depression results from the perception of a lack of control over the reinforcements in one's life that may result from exposure to uncontrollable negative events
Depressive attributional style Characteristic way of explaining negative events in terms of internal, stable, or global causes
All or nothing thinking Viewing events in black or white terms, as either all good or all bad
Misplaced blame Tendency to blame/criticize yourself for disappointments or setbacks while ignoring external circumstances
Misfortune telling Tendency to think that one disappointment will inevitably lead to another
Negative Focusing Focusing your attention only on the negative aspects of your experiences
Dismissing the positives Snatching defeat from the jaws of victory by trivializing or denying your accomplishments; minimizing strengths or assets
Jumping to conclusions Drawing a conclusion that is not supported by the facts at hand
Catastrophizing Exaggerating importance of negative effects or personal flaws
Emotion-based reasoning Reasoning based on your emotions rather than on a clear headed evaluation of the available evidence
Shouldisms Placing unrealistic demands on yourself that you should/must accomplish certain tasks
Name-calling Attaching negative labels to yourself/others as a way of explaining your own and other's behavior
Mistaken Responsibility Assuming that you are the cause of other people's problems
Disinbition effect Removal of normal restraints or inhibitions that serve to keep impulsive behavior in check
Thought disorder A breakdown in the logical structure of thought and speech, revealed in the form of a loosening of associations
Positive symptoms Symptoms of schizophrenia involving behavioral excesses, such as hallucinations or delusions
Negative symptoms Behavioral deficits associated with schizophrenia, such as withdrawal or apathy
Waxy flexibility Feature of catatonia, characterized by maintaining a body position in which the person was placed by others
Personality Disorders A class of psychological disorders characterized by rigid personality traits that impair people's ability to adjust to the demands they face in the environment and interfere in their relationships with others
Borderline Personality disorder A type of personality disorder characterized by unstable emotions and self-image
Created by: Sydboyer15
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