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Module 12

Section 8: The urinary system

QuestionAnswer
Which medication classes classes act on the receptors of parietal cells to decrease the amount of stomach acid produced? Histamine2, antagonists (H2As) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Which organs comprise the urinary system? The kidneys, renal bladder, ureters, and urethra
What is the function of the kidneys? To filter and excrete toxins and metabolic waste from the blood while returning essential substances back to the bloodstream
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Acts on the collecting ducts of the kidney to reabsorb water.
What are the components of a nephon? Glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of henle, collecting ducts
What is aldosterone? Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that works primarily in the distal convoluted tuble (DCT) of the kidney to increase sodium and water reabsorption, thus increasing blood pressure
What are symptoms of kidney stones? Difficulty urinating Blood in the urine Extreme pain
What is cystitis? Inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by infection, resulting in the increased urge to urinate and a burning sensation upon urination.
Which system acts primarily on the kidneys and is the site of action for many hypertension medications? The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
What is the action of the renin-angiotensin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)? Increased blood pressure
What are the three common classes of diuretics? Loop diuretics Thiazide diuretics Potassium-sparing diuretics
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