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ch8 a&p
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A functional junction between bones is called a(n) ______. | articulation |
| In a fibrous joint, bones are held together by dense connective tissue that contains many fibers of the protein | collagen |
| Bones held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as | cartilaginous joints |
| the three components of a typical synovial joint. | articular cartilage synovial membrane joint capsule |
| Synovial joints are freely movable and therefore are classified as ______ joints. | diarthrotic |
| In general, wherever two bones come together, a junction called a(n______ is formed. | articulation |
| What holds bones ends together within a fibrous joint? | dense connective tissue |
| What type of joint connect bones with hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage? | cartilaginous joints |
| The structural (not functional) classification of a freely movable joint enclosed in a joint capsule is a(n)_____ joint. | synovial joints |
| True or False: Synovial joints are freely movable and are therefore classified as diarthrotic joints. | T |
| What is a correct definition of an articulation? | the functional junction between bones |
| The bone ends within a ______ joint are held together by dense connective tissue. | fibrous joints |
| Where is articular cartilage located? | covering the bone ends in a synovial joint |
| What connects the bones in cartilaginous joints? | hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
| The ______ of a synovial joint encloses the joint and prevents bone ends from being pulled apart. | joint capsule |
| At synovial joints, the joint capsule is reinforced by________that help stabilize the joint and bind together the bone ends. | ligaments |
| all the features of the synovial membrane. | It secretes and reabsorbs synovial fluid. It is only a few cells thick. It may have villi, folds, and projections It can store adipose tissue. |
| The thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones in a synovial joint is called____ cartilage | articular cartilage |
| Describe the location of synovial membranes. | lining joint capsules |
| The synovial membrane synthesizes ______. | synovial fluid |
| The joint, or articular, ________ of a synovial joint encloses the joint and prevents bone ends from being pulled apart. | capsule |
| What connects two bones together in a synovial joint? | ligaments |
| The inner layer of a joint capsule is the__________a shiny, vascular lining of loose connective tissue. | synovial membrane |
| Where does the fluid found within the synovial joint cavity come from? | It is secreted by the synovial membrane. |
| which of these structures functions to lubricate the joint and nourish the structures in the joint? It also contains stem cells for tissue repair. | synovial fluid |
| Some synovial joints contain fibrocartilage discs called ______. | menisci |
| Structures called ________that are found in some synovial joints cushion the articulating surfaces and help distribute body weight at joints such as the knee. | menisci |
| Bursae are ______ and are found in ______ joints. | fluid-filled sacs; synovial |
| There are six major types of synovial joints based on their shapes and the movements they permit ball-and-socket joints, _____ joints, plane joints, _______ joints, pivot joint, & saddle joint | condylar joints, hinge joints |
| three functions of the synovial fluid. | It moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces in the joint. It contains stem cells. It provides nutrients to the articular cartilage. |
| The menisci found in some synovial joints are attached to the ______ at the periphery of the joint cavity. | joint capsule |
| What functions are served by the menisci found in some synovial joints? | To help distribute body weight. |
| A synovial joint consisting of a bone with an egg-shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone is called a ______ joint. | ball-and-socket |
| Fluid-filled sacs associated with synovial joints are called | bursae |
| What best describes the surface of the articulating bones in a condylar joint? | An ovoid condyle on one bone end and an elliptical cavity on the other. |
| A type of synovial joint called a_______joint consists of articulating surfaces that are nearly flat and are slightly curved. | plane joints |
| What best describes the surfaces of bones in a ball-and-socket joint? | a globular head articulating with a deep cup |
| A ________joint consists of the convex surface of one bone fitting into the concave surface of another. | hinge joints |
| What is a bursa? | A fluid-filled sac that decreases friction between two structures. |
| What types of movement is characteristic of a hinge joint? | It allows for a bending and straightening movement; it is uniaxial. |
| When a muscle contracts, its fibers pull its movable end, which is also called the ______. | insertion |
| What best describes the surface of the articulating bones in a plane joint? | Two articulating flat surfaces slide over one another. |
| Flexion is a movement where the two bones or parts of the body are moved ______ each other. | closer to |
| Bending your knee is an example of what type of movement? | flexion |
| What joint only allows for movement in one plane (uniaxial) that is described as a bending and straightening motion? | hinge joints |
| True or false: The fixed end of a muscle is the insertion. | F |
| An extension is a movement where bones or body parts are moved ______. | farther from each other |
| The movement that results in straightening a bent elbow is an example of________ | extension |
| A movement that decreases the angle of a joint, bringing the bones closer together, is called______ | flexion |
| Hyperextension is ______. | movement beyond anatomical position |
| A movement that increases the angle between bones at a joint, moving them farther apart, is called ______ of the joint. | extension |
| In order to stretch your leg straight out behind you, you must ______ your hip joint. | hyperextend |
| Movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin is called | dorsiflexion |
| Tilting your head back to look up to the sky is an example of ______ of the atlantooccipital joint. | hyperextension |
| Bending your elbow is an example of ______ a joint. | flexing |
| Dorsiflexion is used in what motion? | walking on heels |
| What is the name of the movement of the ankle that moves the foot away from the shin and points the toes downward? | plantar flexion |
| Plantar flexion is used to ______. | walk on your toes |
| Moving a part away from the midline of the body or the axial line of a limb is called | abduction |
| In order to walk on your heels, you must________ your ankle | dorsiflex |
| When you spread your fingers apart, you are ______ them. | abducting |
| The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint. The articulating surface that is in the shape of a "ball" is the head of the_______The "socket" is formed by the________ cavity of the scapula | humerus & glenoid |
| Abduction is defined as a movement of a limb ______ the midline of the body. | away from |
| Lifting your arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body involves a movement called_____ of the arm | abduction |
| The elbow joint contains two articulations. The articulation between the trochlea and trochlear notch is a ______ joint. | hinge joint |
| The hip joint consists of the head of the_____ and the acetabulum of the pelvis | femur |
| The knee joint includes two articulations. Indicate the articulations that are part of the knee joint. | articulation between the tibia and the femur articulation between the femur and the patella |
| articulation between humerus and ulna | trochlea of the humerus, &. trochlear notch of the ulna |
| articulation between humerus and radius | capitulum of the humerus, & fovea of the radius |
| The two articulating surfaces of the hip joint are the_____ of the four and the _____ of the hip bone | head & acetabulum |
| In addition to flexion and extension, the modified hinge articulation at the knee joint also allows a certain degree of_______ when the knee is flexed | rotation |
| The tibiofemoral joint is a ______ joint. | hinge (modified) |
| The femoropatellar articulation is part of the ______ joint. | knee |
| The patellofemoral joint is a ______ joint. | plane |
| What type of articulation forms between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus in the elbow joint? | plane articulation |
| Even though it is relatively thin, the joint capsule of the knee is greatly strengthened by many ______ and the ______ of several muscle | ligaments & tendons |
| When considering the classification of joints based on the shape of the articulating bone ends, the knee functions as a type of synovial joint called a modified______ joint | hinge joint |
| Which joint is a plane joint? | joint between the femur & patella |
| Two of the ligaments that stabilize the knee joint are the_____ collateral ligament and the _____ collateral ligament | fibular & tibial |
| The joint capsule of the knee is ______ and ______ reinforced by muscles and ligaments. | thin , is |
| What are the primary movements that occur at the knee joint? | flexion & extension |
| The two _______ligaments (anterior and posterior) serve to prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces of the knee joint | cruciate |
| The patellar, arcuate popliteal, and oblique popliteal ligaments are ligaments that stabilize the ______. | knee joint |
| The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee originates in the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and extends to the_condyle of the femur. Similarly, the posterior cruciate ligament of the ___knee originates in the posterior intercondylar area of the | lateral & medial |
| What is the role of the cruciate ligaments of the knee? | To prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces of the femur and tibia. |
| Changes in collagen in joints due to aging result in ______. | joint stiffness |
| Both the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments originate from the_____area of the tibia and connect to a condyle of the femur. | intercondylar |
| The lateral and medial menisci of the knee form depressions upon the condyles of the tibia that fit the corresponding ______ of the femur. | condyles |
| What is the major age-related change that occurs in joints that is an early sign of aging? | joint stiffness due to changes in collagen structure |
| What is the role of the cruciate ligaments of the knee? | To prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces of the femur and tibia. |
| which part of a synovial joint may be reinforced by ligaments and tendons ? | articular capsule |
| a meniscus could be found in which joint? | knee |
| which is not a part of all synovial joints? | labrum |
| which is not a type of synovial joint? | suture |
| the bending of a joints is _____ | flexion |
| turning the ankle so that the sol elf the foot pointing laterally is called ____ | eversion |
| pivoting of the radius against the ulna turns the palm down and back is _____ | pronation |
| the ankle is able to _____ when pilling the foot and toes up toward the skin. | dorsiflex |
| the head _____ when shaking the head saying " no" | rotation |
| Her shoulder joint is a________joint, allowing a wide range of movements. | ball-and-socket |
| Meanwhile, Jane is doing "lat pulls" by pulling downward on a weighted bar. This movement involves _______ of her arms. | adduction |
| The knee joint is primarily a ____________ joint, though it can act as a condylar joint when flexed. | modified hinge |
| Sam is doing squats, which includes knee ____________ as she tries to stand, straightening her legs. | extension |
| His elbow is able to bend because the humero-ulnar joint is a ____________ joint. | hinge joint |
| George is lifting weights. He starts by doing biceps curls which involves ____________ of his elbows. | flexion |
| doing jumping jacks requires that you alternate _____ and _________ your lower extremities | abducting & adducting |
| movement of a body part backward along the transverse plane is called ______ | retraction |
| joints in which the bone ends are bound together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as _____ joints. | cartilaginous |
| with age, range of motion _____ in joints and the production of synovial fluid______ | decrease, decrease |
| the presence of a joint capsule is associated with what type of joint? | synovial, joint |
| what is the movement of a body part away from the midline in the frontal plane called ? | abduction |
| what type of synovial joint two flat (or nearly flat) bone surfaces? | saddle (sellar) joint |
| Diarthrotic joint - freely moveable synarthrotic joint are--- immovable amphiarthrotic joint are---- slightly movable | |
| where are joints called sutures found? | between the flat bone of the skull |
| when you reach up to scratch your nose, you have to ____ your elbow | flex |
| what type of synovial joint involves two bone ends that each have both concave and convex region? | saddle (sellar) joint |
| what type of synovial joint involves a convex surface of one bone fitting into the convoke surface of another ? | hinge joint |
Created by:
Thuythi15