ch8 a&p
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| A functional junction between bones is called a(n) ______. | articulation
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| In a fibrous joint, bones are held together by dense connective tissue that contains many fibers of the protein | collagen
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| Bones held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as | cartilaginous joints
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| the three components of a typical synovial joint. | articular cartilage
synovial membrane
joint capsule
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| Synovial joints are freely movable and therefore are classified as ______ joints. | diarthrotic
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| In general, wherever two bones come together, a junction called a(n______ is formed. | articulation
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| What holds bones ends together within a fibrous joint? | dense connective tissue
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| What type of joint connect bones with hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage? | cartilaginous joints
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| The structural (not functional) classification of a freely movable joint enclosed in a joint capsule is a(n)_____ joint. | synovial joints
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| True or False: Synovial joints are freely movable and are therefore classified as diarthrotic joints. | T
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| What is a correct definition of an articulation? | the functional junction between bones
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| The bone ends within a ______ joint are held together by dense connective tissue. | fibrous joints
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| Where is articular cartilage located? | covering the bone ends in a synovial joint
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| What connects the bones in cartilaginous joints? | hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
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| The ______ of a synovial joint encloses the joint and prevents bone ends from being pulled apart. | joint capsule
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| At synovial joints, the joint capsule is reinforced by________that help stabilize the joint and bind together the bone ends. | ligaments
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| all the features of the synovial membrane. | It secretes and reabsorbs synovial fluid.
It is only a few cells thick.
It may have villi, folds, and projections
It can store adipose tissue.
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| The thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones in a synovial joint is called____ cartilage | articular cartilage
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| Describe the location of synovial membranes. | lining joint capsules
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| The synovial membrane synthesizes ______. | synovial fluid
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| The joint, or articular, ________ of a synovial joint encloses the joint and prevents bone ends from being pulled apart. | capsule
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| What connects two bones together in a synovial joint? | ligaments
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| The inner layer of a joint capsule is the__________a shiny, vascular lining of loose connective tissue. | synovial membrane
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| Where does the fluid found within the synovial joint cavity come from? | It is secreted by the synovial membrane.
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| which of these structures functions to lubricate the joint and nourish the structures in the joint? It also contains stem cells for tissue repair. | synovial fluid
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| Some synovial joints contain fibrocartilage discs called ______. | menisci
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| Structures called ________that are found in some synovial joints cushion the articulating surfaces and help distribute body weight at joints such as the knee. | menisci
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| Bursae are ______ and are found in ______ joints. | fluid-filled sacs; synovial
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| There are six major types of synovial joints based on their shapes and the movements they permit ball-and-socket joints, _____ joints, plane joints, _______ joints, pivot joint, & saddle joint | condylar joints, hinge joints
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| three functions of the synovial fluid. | It moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces in the joint.
It contains stem cells.
It provides nutrients to the articular cartilage.
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| The menisci found in some synovial joints are attached to the ______ at the periphery of the joint cavity. | joint capsule
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| What functions are served by the menisci found in some synovial joints? | To help distribute body weight.
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| A synovial joint consisting of a bone with an egg-shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone is called a ______ joint. | ball-and-socket
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| Fluid-filled sacs associated with synovial joints are called | bursae
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| What best describes the surface of the articulating bones in a condylar joint? | An ovoid condyle on one bone end and an elliptical cavity on the other.
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| A type of synovial joint called a_______joint consists of articulating surfaces that are nearly flat and are slightly curved. | plane joints
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| What best describes the surfaces of bones in a ball-and-socket joint? | a globular head articulating with a deep cup
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| A ________joint consists of the convex surface of one bone fitting into the concave surface of another. | hinge joints
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| What is a bursa? | A fluid-filled sac that decreases friction between two structures.
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| What types of movement is characteristic of a hinge joint? | It allows for a bending and straightening movement; it is uniaxial.
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| When a muscle contracts, its fibers pull its movable end, which is also called the ______. | insertion
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| What best describes the surface of the articulating bones in a plane joint? | Two articulating flat surfaces slide over one another.
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| Flexion is a movement where the two bones or parts of the body are moved ______ each other. | closer to
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| Bending your knee is an example of what type of movement? | flexion
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| What joint only allows for movement in one plane (uniaxial) that is described as a bending and straightening motion? | hinge joints
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| True or false: The fixed end of a muscle is the insertion. | F
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| An extension is a movement where bones or body parts are moved ______. | farther from each other
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| The movement that results in straightening a bent elbow is an example of________ | extension
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| A movement that decreases the angle of a joint, bringing the bones closer together, is called______ | flexion
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| Hyperextension is ______. | movement beyond anatomical position
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| A movement that increases the angle between bones at a joint, moving them farther apart, is called ______ of the joint. | extension
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| In order to stretch your leg straight out behind you, you must ______ your hip joint. | hyperextend
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| Movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin is called | dorsiflexion
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| Tilting your head back to look up to the sky is an example of ______ of the atlantooccipital joint. | hyperextension
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| Bending your elbow is an example of ______ a joint. | flexing
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| Dorsiflexion is used in what motion? | walking on heels
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| What is the name of the movement of the ankle that moves the foot away from the shin and points the toes downward? | plantar flexion
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| Plantar flexion is used to ______. | walk on your toes
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| Moving a part away from the midline of the body or the axial line of a limb is called | abduction
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| In order to walk on your heels, you must________ your ankle | dorsiflex
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| When you spread your fingers apart, you are ______ them. | abducting
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| The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint. The articulating surface that is in the shape of a "ball" is the head of the_______The "socket" is formed by the________ cavity of the scapula | humerus & glenoid
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| Abduction is defined as a movement of a limb ______ the midline of the body. | away from
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| Lifting your arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body involves a movement called_____ of the arm | abduction
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| The elbow joint contains two articulations. The articulation between the trochlea and trochlear notch is a ______ joint. | hinge joint
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| The hip joint consists of the head of the_____ and the acetabulum of the pelvis | femur
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| The knee joint includes two articulations. Indicate the articulations that are part of the knee joint. | articulation between the tibia and the femur
articulation between the femur and the patella
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| articulation between humerus and ulna | trochlea of the humerus, &. trochlear notch of the ulna
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| articulation between humerus and radius | capitulum of the humerus, & fovea of the radius
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| The two articulating surfaces of the hip joint are the_____ of the four and the _____ of the hip bone | head & acetabulum
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| In addition to flexion and extension, the modified hinge articulation at the knee joint also allows a certain degree of_______ when the knee is flexed | rotation
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| The tibiofemoral joint is a ______ joint. | hinge (modified)
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| The femoropatellar articulation is part of the ______ joint. | knee
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| The patellofemoral joint is a ______ joint. | plane
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| What type of articulation forms between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus in the elbow joint? | plane articulation
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| Even though it is relatively thin, the joint capsule of the knee is greatly strengthened by many ______ and the ______ of several muscle | ligaments & tendons
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| When considering the classification of joints based on the shape of the articulating bone ends, the knee functions as a type of synovial joint called a modified______ joint | hinge joint
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| Which joint is a plane joint? | joint between the femur & patella
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| Two of the ligaments that stabilize the knee joint are the_____ collateral ligament and the _____ collateral ligament | fibular & tibial
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| The joint capsule of the knee is ______ and ______ reinforced by muscles and ligaments. | thin , is
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| What are the primary movements that occur at the knee joint? | flexion & extension
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| The two _______ligaments (anterior and posterior) serve to prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces of the knee joint | cruciate
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| The patellar, arcuate popliteal, and oblique popliteal ligaments are ligaments that stabilize the ______. | knee joint
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| The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee originates in the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and extends to the_condyle of the femur. Similarly, the posterior cruciate ligament of the ___knee originates in the posterior intercondylar area of the | lateral & medial
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| What is the role of the cruciate ligaments of the knee? | To prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces of the femur and tibia.
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| Changes in collagen in joints due to aging result in ______. | joint stiffness
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| Both the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments originate from the_____area of the tibia and connect to a condyle of the femur. | intercondylar
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| The lateral and medial menisci of the knee form depressions upon the condyles of the tibia that fit the corresponding ______ of the femur. | condyles
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| What is the major age-related change that occurs in joints that is an early sign of aging? | joint stiffness due to changes in collagen structure
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| What is the role of the cruciate ligaments of the knee? | To prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces of the femur and tibia.
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| which part of a synovial joint may be reinforced by ligaments and tendons ? | articular capsule
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| a meniscus could be found in which joint? | knee
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| which is not a part of all synovial joints? | labrum
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| which is not a type of synovial joint? | suture
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| the bending of a joints is _____ | flexion
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| turning the ankle so that the sol elf the foot pointing laterally is called ____ | eversion
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| pivoting of the radius against the ulna turns the palm down and back is _____ | pronation
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| the ankle is able to _____ when pilling the foot and toes up toward the skin. | dorsiflex
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| the head _____ when shaking the head saying " no" | rotation
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| Her shoulder joint is a________joint, allowing a wide range of movements. | ball-and-socket
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| Meanwhile, Jane is doing "lat pulls" by pulling downward on a weighted bar. This movement involves _______ of her arms. | adduction
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| The knee joint is primarily a ____________ joint, though it can act as a condylar joint when flexed. | modified hinge
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| Sam is doing squats, which includes knee ____________ as she tries to stand, straightening her legs. | extension
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| His elbow is able to bend because the humero-ulnar joint is a ____________ joint. | hinge joint
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| George is lifting weights. He starts by doing biceps curls which involves ____________ of his elbows. | flexion
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| doing jumping jacks requires that you alternate _____ and _________ your lower extremities | abducting & adducting
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| movement of a body part backward along the transverse plane is called ______ | retraction
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| joints in which the bone ends are bound together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as _____ joints. | cartilaginous
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| with age, range of motion _____ in joints and the production of synovial fluid______ | decrease, decrease
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| the presence of a joint capsule is associated with what type of joint? | synovial, joint
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| what is the movement of a body part away from the midline in the frontal plane called ? | abduction
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| what type of synovial joint two flat (or nearly flat) bone surfaces? | saddle (sellar) joint
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| Diarthrotic joint - freely moveable synarthrotic joint are--- immovable amphiarthrotic joint are---- slightly movable |
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| where are joints called sutures found? | between the flat bone of the skull
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| when you reach up to scratch your nose, you have to ____ your elbow | flex
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| what type of synovial joint involves two bone ends that each have both concave and convex region? | saddle (sellar) joint
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| what type of synovial joint involves a convex surface of one bone fitting into the convoke surface of another ? | hinge joint
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