Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Endocrine Medicines
Pharm Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hormone release is commonly controlled by what | negative feedback |
| what does negative feedback prevent | overresponse of the endocrine system |
| how do you treat hypofunction of an endocrine gland? | replace the missing hormone or give precursor to boost function |
| how do you treat hyperfunction of an endocrine gland? | suppress stimulation |
| What is a primary endocrine problem | one that originates with the gland itself |
| what is a secondary endocrine problem | one that originates with a problem with a hormone |
| what is a tertiary endocrine problem | one that originates with a problem with the hypothalamus |
| what does the hypothalamus secrete and where | releasing hormones; to the anterior pituitary |
| what are antineoplastics | chemotherapy |
| Where is the pituitary located | at the base of the brain next to the hypothalamus |
| what hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete and what do they control | ACTH controls cortisol, TSH controls thyroid hormone, FSH regulates fertility, LH controls sex hormones, PRL breast milk, GH controls everything |
| what are prolactin and oxytocin commonly used for | reproduction |
| what deficiency in hypopituitarism can be life threatening--why? | ACTH--b/c of it's role with the adrenal gland |
| What does hypopituitarism look like | tired and nauseous with postural hypotension |
| What is the pattern of deficiency in hypopituitarism | GH,LH,FSH,TH,ACTH |
| how do you treat hypopituitarism | find the underlying cause and replace the deficient hormone |
| what is dwarfism | a deficiency in GH |
| what two drugs are used to treat GH deficiency-how are they made | somatropin and somatrem--by recombinant DNA technology |
| What are common characteristics of GH deficiency in children? | normal birth wt and intelligence, short stature and obese, immature appearance |
| how do you treat GH deficiency in children? what is the administration route? | GH replacement, subq, |
| what is dyslipidemia | a metabolic syndrome with an elevation of C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 |
| Pts with GH deficiency as adults are at increased risk for what? | increased cardiovascular risk (promoting atherosclerosis), increased weight circumference, insulin resistance |
| How do you treat GH deficiency in adults | hormone replacement |
| What are prototype drugs for GH? what is it also known as? What is the action and use? | protropin and genotropin--somatropin--hormone replacement--deficiency and short stature |
| long term use of GH replacement can lead to what and why | diabetes mellitus b/c it increases glucose levels |
| how do you give GH | IM or SQ |
| What causes GH excess in children (tall stature)? How do you treat it? | genetic-marfans--with estrogen and testosterone 3-4 yrs before epiphyseal closure |
| What is a common cause of giantism? | pituitary tumor causing excess GH to be released prior to bone closure |
| what is acromegaly? What is a common cause? S/S? | excess GH after bone closure--pituitary tumor--big hands, prominent forehead, HTN CAD CHF d/t enlarged heart |
| What are some treatments for acromegaly? | surgery to remove pituitary and somatostatin analogs |
| What is sandostatin? What is it used for? | Somatostatin-GH excess |
| How does sandostatin work? How is it administered? | it supresses GH, glucagon, insulin, and LH--IM every 10-14 days |
| What are the posterior pituitary drugs? How do they work? | Pitressin and DDAVP--they aid the kidney in concentrating urine |
| What type of pt would need pitressin or DDAVP? | Diabetes insipidus, renal failure, enuresis (bedwetting-DDAVP) |
| What are some SE of pitressin and DDAVP? | HTN, angina, fluid retention, MI, water intoxification |
| How are pitressin and DDAVP administered? What are the onset and duration? | PO, IV, SubQ, intranasal--onset 1hr duration 8-20hrs |
| What are some nursing actions for pitressin and DDAVP? | monitor BP, limit water intake, pregnancy class X |
| What serum levels need to be monitored with thyroid problems? Why? | calcium--Calcitonin helps regulate blood calcium levels |
| What are the roles of T3 and T4? | T4 is responsible for cellular metabolism and T3 regulates cellular metabolism |
| What is hypothyroidism? | a hypometabolic state that results in a decreases in metabolism, O2 consumption, and heat production |
| What are some causes of hypothyroidism? | primary-congenital defect, surgery, radiation, antithyroid meds, iodine deficiency, thyroiditis Secondary-resistance to thyroid hormone or pituitary TSH deficiency |
| What are some common S/S for hypothyroidism? | decrease in everything except weight and fluid, cold intolerance d/t hypothermia |
| What is myxedema? What is disorder is it common in? | fluid retention in interstitial spaces resulting in non pitting edema; can L/T dilated cardiomyopathy--hypothyroidism |
| How do you treat hypothyroidism? | hormone replacement |
| What can cause a myxedematous coma? | Prolonged untreated hypothyroidism from inadequate replacement, infection, cold exposure, CNS depression, trauma |
| How do you characterize a myxedematous coma? | lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, hypoventilation |
| What is synthroid? What is it used for? | thyroid hormone--hypothyroidism, goiter, thyroid cancer |
| What are some important nursing actions to remember in the administration of synthroid? | give at same time in AM, monitor s/s of hypo/hyperthyroidism, check pulse prior to admin, take on empty stomach, do not stop abruptly |
| What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? What are some other causes? | Graves Disease (autoimmune)--goiter, tumor, excess replacement |
| What are some S/S of hyperthyroidism? | everything goes up except weight-expothalamos, fatigue, hyperthermia (heat intolerance) |
| What is PTU? What does it do? What is it used for? | antithyroid med--stops TH--hyperthyroidism |
| What are some nursing implications for PTU? | monitor pulse before admin, monitor for s/s of hypo/hyperthyroidism, give with meals (3xday), monitor for agranulocytosis (fever, fatigue) |
| What are some iodine meds? How do they work? | Ca, Na, K iodide--increased amounts suppress TH |
| What are iodine meds used for? | pre-hyperthyroid surgery to prevent bleeding |
| What are some nursing implications for iodine meds? | Monitor for allergic reaction (betadine, shellfish), pt should not be in contact with children or pregnant women for 1 week b/c iodine has been linked to birth defects |
| What role does PTH play in the kidneys? | It enhances the activation of Vit. D |
| Hypoparathyroidism can lead to what? | hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and increased DTR |
| What are some signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia? | increased DTR, positive Trousseau and Chvostek signs, tetany, muscle cramps, pathological fractures |
| How do you treat hypoparathyroidism? | Admin IV Ca gluconate, Vit. D, and PTH replacement |
| Hyperparathyroidism can lead to what? | hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, renal damage, bone damage |
| What are some S/S of hypercalcemia | N/V, lethergy, flank pain (kidney stones), anorexia, decreased LOC, cardiac arrest |
| What are some iodine meds? How do they work? | Ca, Na, K iodide--increased amounts suppress TH |
| What are iodine meds used for? | pre-hyperthyroid surgery to prevent bleeding |
| What are some nursing implications for iodine meds? | Monitor for allergic reaction (betadine, shellfish), pt should not be in contact with children or pregnant women for 1 week b/c iodine has been linked to birth defects |
| What role does PTH play in the kidneys? | It enhances the activation of Vit. D |
| Hypoparathyroidism can lead to what? | hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and increased DTR |
| What are some signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia? | increased DTR, positive Trousseau and Chvostek signs, tetany, muscle cramps, pathological fractures |
| How do you treat hypoparathyroidism? | Admin IV Ca gluconate, Vit. D, and PTH replacement |
| Hyperparathyroidism can lead to what? | hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, renal damage, bone damage, increased bicarb excretion and decreased acid excretion L/T hypokalemia & metabolic acidosis |
| What are some S/S of hypercalcemia | N/V, lethergy, flank pain (kidney stones), anorexia, decreased LOC, cardiac arrest |
| What are some common causes of hyperparathyroidism? | cancer, tumor, renal failure |
| What treatments are available for hyperparathyroidism? | Calcitonin, |
Created by:
1479430956
Popular Pharmacology sets