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Chapter 17

Soils

QuestionAnswer
What is soil soil is the thin, uppermost layer of the earth
what is soil made of 5% Organic matter and humus 25% Air 25% Water 45% Mineral Particles
what are the mineral particles made of and what does it affect Sand, Silt, Clay soils permeability
what does water do binds the soil together dissolves nutrients so plants can soak them up through their roots
what does air do Provides Oxygen and Nitrogen
what is organic matter and what does it do living things and micro organisms help air and water circulate
what is humus and what does it do dark gel like material that increases soil fertility
what three things play a key role in forming soil Climate Human Activity Time
what is a Soil Profile a vertical section of soil from its surface downwards
what is a horizon a layer in the soil
What is the A horizon called Topsoil
What is the B horizon called Subsoil
what is the C horizon called Bedrock
what two things impact soil formation Leaching The breakdown of plant litter
explain Leaching Leaching occurs when there is a high amount of rainfall, the water soaks down through the soil and washes important minerals and nutrients down to the B horizon. It creates a hardpan which turns into a thin crusty layer that is impermeable
explain leaching pt2 causing the A horizon to become waterlogged and flooded
explain the breakdown of plant litter dead leaves and twigs that fall on top of the A horizon are broken down by insects into humus. This process is called humification
name the four soil types found in Ireland and weather they are fertile or not very fertile and where they are found Brown Soil-Fertile-midlands Podzol Soil-Less Fertile-Higlands Gley Soil-not very fertile-rolling Lowlands Peaty Soil-Not very Fertile-Bogs
Created by: JMahango
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