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PS Chapter 9 and 10
Understanding the Atom/The Periodic Table
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest piece of an element that still represents the element |
| Electron | Is a particle with one negative charge |
| Nucleus | Most of an atoms mass and positive charge is concentrated into a small area in the center of the atom |
| Proton | Is an atomic particle that has one positive charge |
| Neutron | Is a neutral particle that exist in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron Cloud | Is an area around a atomic nuclear where electron is most likely to be located |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in an atom of an element |
| Isotopes | Are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| Mass number | Is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| Average atomic mass | Is the average mass of an element isotopes weighted, according to the abundance of each isotope |
| Radioactive | Elements that spontaneously emit radiation |
| Nuclear decay | Is a process that occurs when an unstable atomic atom changed into an another more stable nucleus by emitting radiation |
| Ion | Is an atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost electrons |
| Periodic table | Is a chart of the elements, arranged into rows and columns, according to their physical and chemical properties |
| Group | Is a column on the periodic table |
| Periods | The rows on the periodic table |
| Metal | It’s an element that is generally shiny. It is easily pulled into wires or hammered into thin sheets and metal is a good conductor of electricity and thermal energy. |
| Luster | Describes the ability of the metal to reflect light |
| Ductility | Is the ability to be pulled into thin wires |
| Malleability | Is the ability of a substance to be hammered or roled in the sheets |
| Alkali metals | The elements in group one |
| Alkaline earth metals | The elements in group 2 on the periodic table |
| Transition elements | Elements in group 3 to 12 |
| Nonmetals | Are elements that have no metallic properties |
| Halogen | An element in group 17 of the periodic table |
| Noble gases | Elements in group 18 |
| Metalloid | Is an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| Semiconductor | Conducts electricity at high temperatures, but not at low temperatures |
Created by:
Jergertigers
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