Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psychology Quiz #6
Sensation, Perception & Parts of the Eye
| Define Sensation | PHYSICAL STIMULUS specific to a SENSORY ORGAN, can be measured, basic properties, physical. THE SAME FOR EVERYONE. |
| What are some examples of sensation? | ears: sounds waves (pitch, loudness, melodies) skin: pressure, temperature, pain eyes: light (color, brightness, orientation) nose/mouth: chemicals (flavors, smells) |
| Define Perception | Our ability to ORGANIZE or INTERPRET the STIMULUS (the MEANING). INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE. Can be highly variable. |
| What are some examples of perception? | ears: recognizing a song eyes: being able to see a tree skin: hand being held nose/mouth: eating a cookie/smelling hairspray |
| Does a sensation have to be present in order for us to have perceptions? | yes. |
| What is the problem with perceptions and sensations? | Delusions and mental health issues can switch this around. |
| What organs are meant to pick up/detect sensations? | Sensory organs |
| What happens when a sensory organ isn't functioning correctly? | A blind person has eyes, but cannot see light, therefore the brain cannot interpret. |
| How do we identify information? | Incoming information meets the threshold (the minimum). |
| What is an example of 'meeting the threshold?' | Ears pick up sounds corresponding to human speech. |
| What is an example of not meeting the threshold? | Humans cannot hear dog whistles, the pitch of the sound doesn't make it to the threshold minimum. |
| The threshold allows for activation of sensory neurons, what happens next? | Neurons transduce to the sensory organ to create neural activation. |
| Activation=sensation, Sensation=perceptions | Activation=sensation, Sensation=perceptions |
| There are two types of perception, what are they? | 1. basic: We are not always consciously aware. 2. complex: interpreting the meaning, we are consciously aware. - Identify whether or not a single stimulus is present. |
| Are there limits to sensations and perceptions? | Yes, think of the black box picture, some people could see the dot of light, while others couldn't. Or telling the difference between stimuli, like smelling two things simultaaneously. Example: brightness on your phone, inside versus outside. |
| Detection's primary purpose is innefficient, perception is extended for a long period of time without changing. | no answer, it's just a fact |
| Define Sensory Adaptation | A decreased sensitivity to unchanging or repetitive stimuli over time. Example: FeBreeze Commercial: being nose blind or when you walk into someone's house, you realize that everyone has their 'own smell' but they don't really know what that smell is. |
| Why can sensory adaptation be a problem? | An example of this is when someone wears jewelry, you get used to that feeling so eventually you don't notice you're wearing it. And then you shower with your Target jewelry on, oopsies. |
| Perceptual Processing, how does meaning apply to stimuli? | Knowledge has an influence. |
| Define bottom-up processing. | When you are actively constructing the meaning of a sensation, having to think about it. Start with a sensation, and work up to a perception Example: hearing rhythm of Pennsylvania Dutch/Amish people when they're talking. |
| Define top-down processing. | Our cognitive abilities help guide the process. Using your prior knowledge, goals, memories and intensions. Example: when you see this L V E, what is the missing letter, what is the word? LOVE. Example: knowing where to wash your hands |
| What are the two sets of top-down processing? | 1. Perceptual Set: meaning you have is predetermined/preset, even when it is false. 2. Conceptual Effect: your environment influences your interpretation. Inside versus Outside When something is out of place, it takes us longer to apply meaning. |
| What is perceptual organization? | Our brains organize information to a single unit, whole or object. |
| Perceptual Organization: What is feature detection? | When neurons respond to a particular charactertistic(s). Examples: light vs dark, spacing, lines, movement (direction/speed), pitches, human or not. |
| Perceptual Organization: What is parallel processing? | Simultaneous interpretation across the brain. "Combining blobs." There is room for errors: like a dog with a human body. Happens in all of our senses. |
| Gestalt grouping principles are? | Various rules for organizing input when undergoing perceptual organization. The whole is greater than the sum of the parts. |
| Gestalt Principles: What is the Rule of Proximity? | When things are close together in space, they are a part of one unit. Example: when people are walking together, we assume that they know each other. Which makes them one single unit. |
| Gestalt Principles: What is a Common Region? | Closing or surrounding information Example: When we are texting, how the characters/letter appear to be surrounded by small boxes. |
| Gestalt Principles: Illusory Contours | Imagine two triangles crossing over each other and one triangle has pac men on the ends of it. |
| Gestalt Principles: What is Apparent Motion? | Seeing moving things that are actually standing still. Example: This is why we are able to see characters moving in a film or our ability to watch a TikTok. |
| What is Figure-Ground Segregatioon? | Organizing visual input into figures (objects) and ground (backdrop). This helps us to understand grouping. Example: Some people are able to see two faces, but others see a vase, depending on which color (black or white) our focus is on. |
| Define Attention. | Our ability to focus or concentrate. |
| What is Selective Attention? | Voluntary filtering of information, focusing on one thing at the expense of something else. Example: tuning people out Bottom-up process: focus is drawn by stimulus, but you don't realize. Top-down: what we choose to focus on based off prior knowledge. |
| What is Inattention Blindness? | When you fail to perceive something because your attention is elsewhere. Example: inability to hear someone talking to you while you are texting. Example: not seeing motorcycles, only noticing standard cars. |
| What is vision? | Our primary sense, we use it the most. |
| Define light. | Light as waves: up and down motion, a physical sensation. Perceptually, wavelength is how we see color (distance between two peaks). |
| Define wavelength, amplitude. | Wavelength: distance between two peaks. Amplitude: height of the peak, corresponds to brightness (perception) and allows us to see light Example: sky is blue, grass is green. |
| Light is going from sensation to perception, how? | Involving sensory neurons, getting light to fall on sensory neurons. |
| Biology of the EYE | Biology of the EYE |
| What is the cornea? | Where light enters our eyes, outermost, curved surface, the purpose is to bend light. Light gets bent once. |
| What is the lens? | Inside of the eye, where the second bending of light occurs. |
| If the cornea and lens aren't working correctly, what happens? | People need contacts or glasses. |
| What is the retina? | Where sensory neurons are located, lining the inside of the eye. Example: watching a baseball come at you or the ball itself. |
| What is the fovea? | Small portion of the retina, specifically allowing us to see details. Example: focusing your eyes on something and it is very clear vs everything around it being blurry. |
| Some details about the retina and fovea. | They contain photoreceptors, capturing light that our sensory neurons transduce. |
| What are the two types of photoreceptors? | 1. rods: responsible for transducing low amplitude light waves (dim light). Only found in the outermost retina, peripheral vision. 2. cones: transduce high amplitude light and wave lengths, allow us to see color (not in the dark). located in the fovea. |
| How do we see clearly? | You cannot interpret something if you cannot detect it. |
| How do we see clearly? The Cornea Edition | Initial refraction, is fixed in position, unless you damage it. Then the lens changes shape to accomodate (focus on objects). We can see objects clearly from varying distances. |
| When the lens is thicker or thinner, what is occurring? | Thicker (rounder): lens focuses on NEAR OBJECTS. Thinner (flatter): lens focuses on FAR OBJECTS. |
Created by:
ldunlap4
Popular Psychology sets