Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSY100 Chapter 9
Terms from week 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Attention | Spotlight model; limited and selective view of what we choose to focus on; can only focus on one thing at a time (no multitasking) |
| Information processing model | Three stage model of memory; encoding, storage, retrieval |
| Encoding phase | Information is received and processed into neural signals the brain can interpret |
| Storage phase | Retention of encoded information (varying length of storage time) |
| Retrieval phase | Recalling stored information when it is needed |
| Memory as reconstruction | Every time a memory is recalled it is slightly changed, it is never a perfect restoration of exactly what happened |
| Multistore model of memory | Atkinson and Shiffrin; model consisting of four stages; sensory input, sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory |
| Sensory input | Anything that captures the attention |
| Sensory memory | Memory for sensory information; large amount of data but very brief time spent in the consciousness (less than 1 sec), often unaware |
| Short-term memory | Immediate memory, lasts in the moment that attention is given to it (lasts few seconds unless rehearsed), limited capacity |
| Maintenance rehearsal | Actively repeating to keep something in the short term memory |
| Elaborate rehearsal | Repetition to cement information from the short term into the long term memory; forms connections with things already known |
| Chunking | Organizing information into meaningful units to make it easier to remember |
| Working memory model | Structures and processes used to hold information in the short-term memory (phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive, episodic buffer) |
| Phonological loop | Auditory and verbal information |
| Visuospatial sketchpad | Visual and spatial information |
| Central executive | Manages other components by directing attention to relevant information |
| Episodic buffer | Integrates information in the long term memory with information processing in the short term memory |
| Long term memory | Location of permanent memories; large capacity and large time frame |
| Levels of Processing theory | Different types of processing lead to stronger memory (semantic is stronger than audio is stronger than visual) |
| Explicit/declarative memory | Remembering information we are consciously aware of (facts) |
| Implicit/nondeclarative memory | Unconscious information we acquire and use without awareness (memories); classical conditioning |
| Semantic memory | Memory system for knowledge about the world; may not remember learning the fact but it is known |
| Episodic memory | Memory system for your personal past; time, place, and experience |
| Autobiographical memory | Includes both semantic and episodic memories about the self |
| Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) | Ability to remember everything that ever happened in one's life |
| Priming | Improvement in process a stimulus that has been experienced previously |
| Procedural memory | Automatic bodily functions, motor skills, or habits |
| Medial temporal lobe | Area of the brain that is critical in forming episodic and spatial memory, encoding processes, consolidation and retrieval (includes hippocampus) |
| Hippocampus functions | Acts as a replay camera for memories; damage can lead to dementia or memory disorders; aids in formation of cognitive maps |
| Retrieval cue | Anything that helps someone recall something from memory |
| Context dependent memory | Recalling process is easier when the environment where a memory is needed matched the environment where the memory was encoded |
| State dependent memory | Recalling process is easier when a person's internal state at the time a memory is needed matches the state where the memory was encoded |
| Schema | A set of expectations about objects/situations that help us remember/make sense of things |
| Serial position curve | Objects presented in the middle of a set are harder to remember than those at the beginning or the end of the set |
| Primacy recall boost | Easier recall of items presented at the beginning of a list |
| Recency recall boost | Easier recall of items presented at the end of a list; lessens the longer time there is between presentation of the list and prompt for recall |
| Schema bias | Certain retrieval cues can trigger different schemas for the same event and may alter memory (leads to distrust of eyewitness accounts) |
| Absentmindedness | Shallow encoding due to lack of attention given at time of stimulus |
| Decay | Loss of ability to retrieve rarely used information over time |
| Proactive interference | When old information inhibits the ability to learn/remember new information |
| Retroactive interference | When new information codes over old information and makes it difficult to recall |
| Method of loci | Creating a mind map by chunking information and creating visual representations of it, aiding recall with the ability to go back through the mind map and access internal retrieval cues |
| Iconic memory | Sensory memory for visual information |
| Echoic memory | Sensory memory for auditory information |
| Encoding specificity principle | Memories incorporate unique combinations of information when encoded |
| Spreading activation model | Theory that people organize general knowledge based on their individual experiences |
| Mnemonics | Devices used to remember information; link new info to well known info |
Created by:
doctorpenguin
Popular Psychology sets