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unit 3*
ap psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| myelin sheath | a fatty convering around the axon of some neurons that speeds the nerual impulse |
| axon | wire like sructure ending in the terminal that extends from the cell body |
| neurons | the basic building block of the nervous system |
| sensory neurons | neruons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system |
| interneuron | central nervous system neruons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs |
| motor neurons | neurons that carry incoming information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands |
| neurotransmitters | chemical contained in terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate |
| agonist | excite, by causing neurotransmitters to hit site multiple times |
| antagonist | inhibits, by blocking neurotransmitters |
| central nervous system | the brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
| somatic nervous system | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the bodys skeletal muscles |
| autonomic nervous system | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs |
| sympatetic nervous system | arouses the body |
| parasympathetic nervous system | calms the body |
| pituitary gland | regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands |
| EEG | an amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface |
| PET | a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes which the brain performs a certain task |
| MRI | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce a computer generated image that distinguishes between the types of soft tissue in the brian |
| medulla | connected to the base of the brain stem, controls our blood pressure, heart rate and breathing |
| reticular formation | screens incoming info and filters out irrelevant info |
| thalamus | the brains sensory swithboard |
| pons | makes chemicals involved with sleep and facial expressions |
| cerebellum | controls coordination, fire muscle movements and balance |
| limbic system | associated with emotions like aggression and fear and drives such as hunger and thirst and sex |
| amygdala | part of the limbic system that is involved in emotions, aggression, and fear |
| hypothalamus | controls the metabolic functions of body temp, sex arousal, hunger, thirst, motivation/emotions, and the endocrine system |
| hippocampus | part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory |
| temporal lobe | at side of brain above ears involved in memory, perception, and hearing |
| occipital lobe | lower back part of brain involved with processing visual info |
| peripheral lobe | top of brain discriminates between textures and shapes |
| frontal lobe | located under forehead involved with complex cognitive functions |
| William Penfield | studied the effects of stimulation on the motor cortex |
| broca's area | directs muscle movements involved with speech |
| wernicke's area | involved in language comprehension |
| phasticity | brain's ability to modify itself after some kind of injury/illness |
| split brain | corpus callosum cut, not allowing info to travel to other side of brain |
| corpus callosum | responsible for highter thinking function, connects two sides of brain |
| left hemisphere | logical side |
| right hemisphere | creative side |
| sensory cortex | recieves info from skin surface and sense organs |
| motor cortex | controls voluntary movements on opposite side of body |
| hindbrain | lower brain, responsible for reflexive or automatic behaviors |
| forebrain | largest part of the brain that controls what we think of as thoughts and reasons |
| midbrain | located above the pons, integrates and relay senory info to main part of brain |
| depolarization | this occurs when postive ions enter the neuron |
| refractory period | after a neuron has fired an action potential, it pauses for a short period to recharge until it will fire again |
| threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
| action potential | a neural impulse that travels down the axon |
| all or none | when the depolarized current exceeds the thershold of a neuron it will fire unless its below causing it not to fire |
| reuptake | neurotransmitters that can't find an area across the synapse to attach will be reabsorbed by the sending neuron |
| acetylcholine | activates motor neurons and skeletel muscles |
| dopamine | contributes to voluntary movements and pleasurable emotions |
| endorphins | natural pain killers created by brain |
| serotonin | involved in mood, regulation of sleep, appetite, and body temperature |
| norepinephrine | affects memory, learning, and contributes to changes in mood |
Created by:
brooklynnrose1
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