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Ch 28 Vaccines

Immunological Agents

QuestionAnswer
The largest organ in the immune system is... The Spleen
The Immune System protects the body initially by creating ________ __________ and ____________. local barriers, inflammation
Local barriers provide chemical and mechanical defenses through the __________, the ____________ and the ____________. Skin, mucous membranes, conjuctiva
Define "Immunity" the condition of being immune or resistant to a particular infectious disease.
What does Immunity usually the result of? The presence of protective antibodies that are directed against the etiological agent of that disease.
How does a vaccine work? The vaccine contains sufficient antigens of a pathogen to enable the individual to form antibodies against that pathogen.
What are vaccines made from? Living or dead (inactivated) pathogens, or from certain toxins they excrete
Define "Antigen"; AKA? Any foreign organic substance that stimulates the production of certain antibodies. AKA: immunogen
Define "Antibodies" Proteins that develop in response to the presence of antigens in the body and react with the antigen on the next exposure.
Passive acquired immunity is a form of acquired immunity resulting from what two ways? 1. Mother to child through placenta or colostrum; 2. Injection of antiserum containing antibodies
What are the best antigens? Foreign proteins
Is passive immunity permanent? No, and it does not last as long as active immunity
What two ways are vaccines classified? Live attenuated and inactivated
Live attenuated vaccines are produced in the lab from __________ or ____________. How many doses for it to be effective? Viruses, bacteria; one dose
When should infants receive the first dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine? Or? How many total doses? Soon after birth/before leaving the hospital; Or by age 2 months if the mother is HBsAg-negative; 3 doses total
When is the second dose recommended for MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)? Or? Routinely at age 4-6 years. Or after 4 weeks have elapsed from first dose, as long as that dose was after age 12 months.
The PCV (Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) is recommended for all children age _________ and for certain children aged __________. How many doses? 2-23 months; 25-59 months; 1 dose
Tetanus is characterized by.... generalized rigidity and convulsive spasms of the skeletal muscles
Pertussis, AKA ____________ is gram-________ which attaches to the _________________, producing toxins that ______________________ and cause ________________ of the resp. tract whooping cough; gram-negative; respiratory cilia; paralyze the cilia; inflamation
Incubation period of pertussis and the 3 stages: 7-10 days; catarrhal stage (1-2 weeks), paroxysmal cough stage (1-6 weeks); convalescence (weeks to months)
The term "rubella" means ____________; is stable/unstable; and is inactivated by what 3 things? "Little red"; unstable; lipid solvents, formalin, UV light
Hepatitis B is a _________ is transmitted what 3 ways? virus; transfusion of contaminated blood, sexual contact, use of contaminated needles/instruments
Hep B severe infection can cause what 3 things? Prolonged illness, cancer, death
3 major risk groups for HBV sex fiends, injection drug users, gay guys
Classic influenza disease is characterized by the abrupt onset of these 4 things... fever, myalgia, sore throat, nonproductive cough
Organized campaigns for flu shots for at risk persons take place during what months? Oct and Nov
What are the adverse reactions to flu shots? Most are at the injection site and include soreness, erythema, and induration; rarely, immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions such as hives, angioedema, allergic asthma, or systemic anaphylaxis
Created by: 1531944093
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