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Psych - Cognitive

The cognitive approach - studies

QuestionAnswer
Who did the 'War of ghosts story' study? Bartlett (1932)
Who did the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? Harris (2009)
What was the aim of the 'War of ghosts story' study? to investigate the role of semantic knowledge in the formation of memory.
What was the procedure of the 'War of ghosts story' study? Participants were told a story and then repeated it to someone else until it had been repeated several times. Another version asked participants to recall the story 2 years later. Bartlett looked how the story changed.
What were the results of the 'War of ghosts story' study? Participants distorted the story as they recalled it. More realistic parts of the story were remembered (rationalisation)
What were the conclusions of the 'War of ghosts story' study? Memory is an active process and it’s reconstructed to the point of recall. Pre-existing knowledge can affect recall.
What was the evaluation of the 'War of ghosts story' study? Small sample size. Valid as conducted over a long time. Real life application to how eye-witness testimony can be biased. Lacked control e.g. prior knowledge of the story
What was the aim of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? to investigate the impact of tv advertising on junk food or eating behaviour
What was the procedure of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? 2 lab experiments with different ages. Some groups watched junk food adverts, others watched healthy or no food adverts
What were the results of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? Groups exposed to food adverts ate more Children in the junk food advert condition ate 45% more. Adults consumed more snacks (both junk and healthy)
What were the conclusions of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? Food adverts prime the viewer to eat more by triggering eating habits.
What was the evaluation of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? High control meaning its more valid. Real life application to TV advertising. The study does not explain the cause of eating just that it happens.
What was the aim of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? to test whether the way a question was worded will affect recall of the circumstances of the crash.
What was the procedure of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? 45 participants were split into 5 groups & watched short films of car crashes. They were then asked "How fast were the cars going when they..." Each group was given a different verb e.g 'bumped' or 'smashed'
What were the results of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? In the 'smashed' group, participants estimated the speed to be faster compared to the 'bumped' group
What were the conclusions of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? As the intensity of the verb increased, so did the estimates of speed. The verb triggered a schema which affected the recall estimates.
What was the evaluation of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? High control which increases validity. Real life application demonstrates how schemas can lead to inaccuracy. Low sample size so results cannot be generalised
Created by: samfitter
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