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Psych - Cognitive
The cognitive approach - studies
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Who did the 'War of ghosts story' study? | Bartlett (1932) |
Who did the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? | Harris (2009) |
What was the aim of the 'War of ghosts story' study? | to investigate the role of semantic knowledge in the formation of memory. |
What was the procedure of the 'War of ghosts story' study? | Participants were told a story and then repeated it to someone else until it had been repeated several times. Another version asked participants to recall the story 2 years later. Bartlett looked how the story changed. |
What were the results of the 'War of ghosts story' study? | Participants distorted the story as they recalled it. More realistic parts of the story were remembered (rationalisation) |
What were the conclusions of the 'War of ghosts story' study? | Memory is an active process and it’s reconstructed to the point of recall. Pre-existing knowledge can affect recall. |
What was the evaluation of the 'War of ghosts story' study? | Small sample size. Valid as conducted over a long time. Real life application to how eye-witness testimony can be biased. Lacked control e.g. prior knowledge of the story |
What was the aim of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? | to investigate the impact of tv advertising on junk food or eating behaviour |
What was the procedure of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? | 2 lab experiments with different ages. Some groups watched junk food adverts, others watched healthy or no food adverts |
What were the results of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? | Groups exposed to food adverts ate more Children in the junk food advert condition ate 45% more. Adults consumed more snacks (both junk and healthy) |
What were the conclusions of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? | Food adverts prime the viewer to eat more by triggering eating habits. |
What was the evaluation of the 'Priming and TV adverts' study? | High control meaning its more valid. Real life application to TV advertising. The study does not explain the cause of eating just that it happens. |
What was the aim of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? | to test whether the way a question was worded will affect recall of the circumstances of the crash. |
What was the procedure of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? | 45 participants were split into 5 groups & watched short films of car crashes. They were then asked "How fast were the cars going when they..." Each group was given a different verb e.g 'bumped' or 'smashed' |
What were the results of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? | In the 'smashed' group, participants estimated the speed to be faster compared to the 'bumped' group |
What were the conclusions of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? | As the intensity of the verb increased, so did the estimates of speed. The verb triggered a schema which affected the recall estimates. |
What was the evaluation of the 'Loftus & Palmer' study? | High control which increases validity. Real life application demonstrates how schemas can lead to inaccuracy. Low sample size so results cannot be generalised |