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Psych Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motivation | Factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behavior |
| Motives | needs or wants that drive goal-oriented behavior |
| Instinctive Behaviors | Genetically programmed, innate patterns of response that are specific to members of a particular species |
| Instinct theory | Belief that behavior is motivated by instinct |
| Drive theory | Belief that behavior is motivated by drives that arise from biological needs that demand to be satisfied |
| Needs | A state of deprivation/deficiency |
| Drive | A state of bodily tension, such as hunger or thirst that arises from an unmet need |
| Drive Reduction | Satisfaction of a drive |
| Primary Drives | Innate drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desires that arise from basic biological need |
| Secondary Drives | Drives that are learned and acquired through experience, such as the drive to achieve monetary wealth |
| Stimulus motives | Internal states that prompt inquisitive stimulation seeking |
| Arousal theory | Belief that whenever the level of stimulation dips below an organism's optimal level, the organism seeks ways of increasing it |
| Incentive theory | Belief that our attraction to particular goals or objects motivates much of our behavior |
| Incentive value | Strength of the "pull" of a goal or reward |
| Psychosocial needs | Needs that reflect interpersonal aspects of motivation, such as the need for friendship and achievement |
| Extrinsic motivation | Motivation reflecting a desire for external rewards, such as wealth or the respect of others |
| Intrinsic motivation | Motivation reflecting a desire for internal gratification, such as the self-satisfaction derived from accomplishing a particular goal |
| Avoidance motivation | Motive and desire to avoid failure |
| Hierarchy of needs | Maslow's concept that there is an order to human needs, which starts with basic biological needs and progresses to self actualization |
| Self-actualization | Motive that drives individuals to express their unique capabilities and to fulfill their potentials |
| Emotions | Feeling states that psychologists view as having physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components |
| Six basic facial expressions: | Anger, fear, disgust, sadness, happiness, surprise |
| Display rules | Cultural customs and norms that govern the display of emotional expressions |
| Facial feedback hypothesis | Belief that mimicking facial movements associated with a particular emotion will produce the corresponding emotional state |
| James-Lange Theory | Belief that emotions occur after people become aware of their physiological responses to the triggering stimuli |
| Cannon-Bard Theory | Belief that emotional and physiological reactions to triggering stimuli occur almost simultaneously |
| Two-factor model | Theory that emotions involve 2 factors; a state of general arousal and a cognitive interpretation of the causes of arousal |
| Dual-pathway model of fear | LeDoux's theory that the brain uses 2 pathways (high road or low road) to process fear messages |
| Emotional Intelligence | Ability to recognize emotions in yourself and others and to manage your emotions effectively |
Created by:
Sydboyer15
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