Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psych Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cognition | Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is processing information |
| Cognitive Psychology | Branch of psychology that explores how we acquire knowledge about the world |
| Thinking | Process of representing and manipulating info in our mind |
| Mental Image | A mental picture or representation of an object or event |
| Concepts | Mental categories for classifying events, objects, and ideas on the basis of common features ex. cars, pets |
| Logical Concepts | Concepts with clearly defined rules for membership ex. solving a math problem |
| Natural Concepts | Concepts with poorly defined rules for membership ex. freedom, honor, justice |
| Algorithm | Step by step set of rules for solving a problem |
| Heuristic | A rule of thumb for solving problems or making judgements/decisions |
| Mental Set | Tendency to rely on strategies that worked in similar situations in the past-may not be appropriate to the present situation |
| Functional fixedness | Tendency to perceive objects as limited to the customary functions they serve |
| Decision making | Form of problem solving in which we must select a course of action from among available alternatives |
| Confirmation Bias | Tendency to maintain allegiance to initial hypothesis despite strong contradictory evidence |
| Representativeness heuristic | Rule of thumb for making a judgement that assumes a given sample is representative of the larger population from which it is drawn |
| Availability heuristic | Tendency to base decisions on examples that come to mind |
| Creativity | Solving problems by combining ideas or behaviors in new ways |
| Divergent thinking | Ability to conceive of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects |
| Convergent thinking | Attempt to narrow down a range of alternatives to converge on the one correct answer to a problem |
| Conceptual combinations | Combinations of two or more concepts into one concept, resulting in creation of a novel idea or an application |
| Conceptual expansion | Expanding familiar concepts by applying them to new uses |
| Brainstorming | Method of promoting divergent thinking by encouraging people to propose solution to a problem without judgement |
| Language | A system of communication composed of symbols, words, hand signs, etc. forms of meaningful expression |
| Grammar | Set of rules governing symbols in a given language. |
| Morphemes | Smallest units of meaning in a language |
| Syntax | Rules of grammar that determine how words are ordered within sentences and phrases to form meaningful expressions and semantics |
| Semantics | Set of rules governing meaning of words |
| Language acquisition device | Chomsky's concept of an innate, prewired mechanism in the brain that allows children to acquire language naturally |
| Linguistic relativity hypothesis | Proposition that the language we use determines how we think and how we perceive the world |
| Intelligence | Capacity to think and reason clearly and to act purposefully effectively in adapting to the environment and pursing one's goals |
| Mental age | A representation of a person's intelligence based on age of people who are capable of performing at same level of ability |
| Intelligence Quotient | Measure of intelligence based on performance, on tests of mental abilities, expressed as a ratio between mental age and chronological age or derived from deviation of one's scores from the norms for age group |
| Norms | Standards used to compare an individuals performance on a test |
| Reliability | Refers to the consistency of test scores over time |
| Validity | Degree to which a test measures what it purposes to measure |
| Culture fair tests | Tests designed to eliminate cultural biases |
| Mainstreaming | Practice of placing children with special needs in a regular classroom environment |
| Primary mental abilities | Verbal comprehension, numerical ability, memory, inductive reasoning, perceptual speed, verbal fluency, spatial relations |
| Multiple intelligences | Garder's term for the distinct types of intelligence that characterize different forms of intelligence |
| Triarchic theory of intelligence | Sternberg's theory of intelligence that posits three aspects of intelligence; practical, analytical, creative |
| Crystallized Intelligence | Represents acquired knowledge and skills |
| Fluid Intelligence | Problem solving/adaptability in unfamiliar situations |
Created by:
Sydboyer15
Popular Psychology sets