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u9 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| zyogte | fertilized egg; enters a 2 week period of rapid cell divison and develops into an embryo |
| embryo | developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month |
| fetus | developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth |
| teratogens | chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during the prenatal development and cause harm |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | physical and cognitive abnormalities in children, caused by a preganant woman's heavy drinking- signs include a small out-of-proportion head and abnormal face features |
| habituation | decline in responsiveness w/ repeated stimulation- an infant gains familiarity w/ repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, interest wanes+ look away sooner |
| maturation | biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience |
| cognition | all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| schema | concept or framework that organizes and interprets info |
| assimilation | interpreting our new experinces in terms of our existing schemas |
| accomodation | adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information |
| sensorimotor stage | birth-2 years old, infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities |
| object permanence | the awareness that things continue to exist even when not percieved |
| pre-operational stage | 2-6/7 years old, during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic |
| conservation | principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in forms of objects |
| ego centrism | piaget's theory- the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's POV |
| theory of mind | people's ideas about their own and other's mental states- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict |
| autism spectrum disorder | a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficencies in communication and social interaction, repetitive behaviors and rapidly fixed interests |
| concrete operational stage | 6/7- 11 years old, gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about certain events |
| formal operational stage | at 12 years old- people begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
| stranger anxiety | the fear of strangers that infants commonly display at 8 months |
| attachment | an emotional tie w/ another person- shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation |
| temperament | a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity |
| critical period | an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal developments |
| imprinting | process by which certain animals form attachments during an early-life critical period |
| basic trust | Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy- formed during infancy by appropriate experiences w/ responsive caregivers |
| self-concept | all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question "who am i" |
| gender | socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female |
| aggression | any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy |
| gender role | a set of expected behaviors for males or for females |
| role | a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave |
| gender identity | our sense of being male or female |
| social learning theory | the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished |
| gender typing | acquisition of a traditional masc. or fem. role |
| transgender | an umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated their birth sex |
| adolescence | the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence |
| identity | our sense of self- erikson, the adolescent's task to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles |
| social identity | the "me" aspect of our self concept, the part of our answer to "who am i" that comes from our group memberships |
| intimacy | erikson's theory- ability to form close, loving relationships- a primarily developmental task in late adolesence and early adulthood |
| emerging adulthood | for some period in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood |
| x chromosome | the sex chromosome found in both men and women- females have two, men have one, and x chromosome from each partner produces a female child |
| y chromosome | the sex chromosome found only in males- when paired with an x chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child |
| testosterone | more important of the male sex hormones, both males and females have it, but the add. testosterone in males stimulates the growth of male sex organs |
| puberty | the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing |
| primary sex characteristics | the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genetalia) that make sexual reproduction possible |
| secondary sex characteristics | nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips |
| menarche | first menstrual period |
| AIDS | STi- by HIV, depletes immune system |
| sexual orientation | an enduring sexual attraction toward members of the same or opp sex |
| menopause | time of natural cessation of menstruation- ability to reproduce declines |
| cross-sectional study | a study in which people of different ages are compared w/ one another |
| longitudinal study | research in which the people are restudied and retested over time |
| social clock | the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement |
Created by:
_emilyyyoung_
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