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Unit 4 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
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Temperature | Measure of the kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object |
Thermal Energy | The sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of all of the particles that make up an object |
Heat | Energy that is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference between those objects |
Specific Heat | The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of that material by 1 ℃ |
Calorimetry | Science of measuring thermal energy transferred to water in a calorimeter (can be used to determine the specific heat of substances) |
Conduction | Transfer of thermal energy by collisions between the particles that make up matter |
Convection | Transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movements of warmer and cooler fluid |
Radiation | The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, such as light and microwaves |
Thermal Conductors | Materials that allow heat to move through them easily |
Thermal Insulators | Materials that are poor conductors of heat |
R-Value | Insulating ability of a material |
Forced-Air System | Furnace burns fuel, heats air, blows air into rooms through ducts and vents |
Radiator System | Fuel is burned, heats water, water travels through pipes to heat buildings |
Electric Heating System | Electric heating coils transform electric energy into thermal energy |
Passive Solar | Large south-facing windows with materials inside that absorb radiant energy from the sun |
Active Solar Heating System | Solar collectors use solar radiation to heat water which is pumped to hot water tanks |
Thermodynamics | The study of the relationship between thermal energy, heat, and work |
1st Law Of Thermodynamics | Doing work on a system increases the thermal energy of the system |
2nd Law Of Thermodynamics | Energy spontaneously spreads from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
Heat Engine | Device that converts some thermal energy into mechanical energy |
Heat Mover | Device that does work to move heat from one location to another |