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Unit 3 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | Ability to cause a change |
| Joule | Energy due to motion |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy stored due to the interactions between objects |
| Potential Energy | Energy stored by compressing or stretching an object |
| Chemical Potential Energy | Energy due to chemical bonds |
| Gravitational Potential Energy | Energy due to the gravitational forces between objects |
| System | Anything around which you can imagine a boundary. Can be one object or a group of objects |
| Law Of Conservation Of Energy | Under ordinary circumstances (no nuclear reactions), energy is neither created or destroyed. Energy can change forms, though! |
| Mechanical Energy | Sum of KE, PEs, and GPE of all the objects in a system |
| Thermal Energy | Energy from the motion of all particles that make up an object (Heat) |
| Radiant Energy | Energy in the form of electromagnetic waves (also called light energy) |
| Electrical Energy | Energy due to the movement of electrons within atoms |
| Chemical Energy | Energy stored in chemical bonds |
| Sound Energy | Energy carried by sound waves |
| Energy Conversions | The process of changing one form of energy into another |
| Radiometer | Light to mechanical energy |
| Regenerative Braking | Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy (using electric motors) which can be used to accelerate the car later (more efficient) |
| Work | Force applied through a distance (or the transfer of energy through motion) |
| Power | Rate at which work is done or energy is converted |
| Watt | The SI unit for power |
| Machine | A device that changes force or increases motion from work |
| Simple Machine | A machine that does work with only one movement of the machine |
| Inclined Plane | Simple machine consisting of a sloping surface, used for raising heavy bodies |
| Lever | A bar used to pry or move something |
| Fulcrum | The point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots |
| Input Arm | The side of a lever on which force is applied |
| Output Arm | The side of a lever that does useful work |
| 1st Class Lever | A very simple machine comprised of a beam placed upon a fulcrum |
| 2nd Class Lever | A lever with the load between the fulcrum and the effort |
| 3rd Class Lever | Levers in which the fulcrum is at one end and the force is applied in the middle and the weight on the other end |
| Wheel and Axle | Consists a wheel with the rod through the center of it known as the axle |
| Screw | Inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder |
| Wedge | Two ramps put back to back together |
| Pulley | Grooved wheel with a rope running over the groove |
| Single Moveable Pulley | Pulley attached to an overhead support (doesn’t move) |
| Compound or Complex Machine | Combination of two or more simple machines |
| Rube Goldberg Machine | A machine designed to do a simple task in a very complex way |
| Input Force | Force applied to a machine |
| Output Force | Force applied by the machine |
| Input Distance | Distance over which we apply force |
| Output Distance | Distance we move something with the machine (usually height lifted) |
| Work Input | Work we do in using a machine |
| Work Output | Work done by a machine |
| Efficiency | Ratio of output work to input work |
| Ideal Machine | A machine in which output work would be equal to or greater than input work |
| Mechanical Advantage | Number of times a machine multiplies input force |
| Ideal Mechanical Advantage | Number of times a machine should multiply input force |
| Actual Mechanical Advantage | Number of times a machine actually multiplies input force |
| Bionics | The science of designing artificial replacements for parts of the human body |
| Prothesis | Artificial replacement part |
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