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SEC - Past Board
PAST BOARD EXAM OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (SEC)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Resultant | Is the force which determines whether the body will be in Equilibrium or will have a varying state of motion |
| Hooke’s Law | The principle used in equations related to the deformation of axially loaded material. |
| Hooke’s Law | That the stress is proportional to the strain within the elastic region |
| Poisson’s Ratio | The ratio of the lateral to the longitudinal strain is constant. |
| Young’s Modulus | It is the constant of proportionality that defines the linear relationship between stress and strain. |
| Column | A structural member that has the ratio of its unsupported height to its least lateral dimension of not less than 3 and is used primarily to support axial load. |
| Kinetic Friction | Retarding force acting opposite of body in motion. |
| Proportional Limit | It is the term for the value beyond which the stress is no longer proportional to the strain. |
| Homogeneous | Materials which have the same composition/compression at any point. |
| Homogeneous | Material has the same elastic properties in all directions. |
| Ductility | Property of a material enables it to under large permanent strains before failure |
| Ductility | Ability of a material to deform/ defuse in the plastic range without breaking. |
| Pre-Tensioning | It is described herein stressing high strength steel wires before concrete hardens |
| Post-Tensioning | It is described herein stressing high strength steel after the concrete has been cast and has attained sufficient strength. |
| Relaxation | Is described herein loss of stress that takes place with the passage of time as concrete is held at a constant strain. |
| Resilience / Modulus of Resilience | Ability of a material to absorb energy in the Elastic Range. |
| Toughness / Modulus of Toughness | Ability of a material to absorb energy in the plastic range or fracture point. |
| Elasticity | Property of a material which makes it return to its original dimension when the load is removed. |
| Center of Rigidity | It is the point through which the resultant of the resistance to the applied lateral force acts. |
| Eccentricity | It is the distance between the Center of Rigidity and Center of Mass. |
| Soft Story | One in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of the stiffness of the story above is called _____. |
| Story Drift | A Lateral Displacement of one level relative to the level above or below is called _____. |
| “Liquefaction” | is best described as .... - A sudden drop in the shear strength of a soil. |
| - Deflection - Reciprocal of Deflection ///// - Product of Stiffness and Deflection - Reciprocal of Stiffness | Which refers to the Rigidity of a Structure? |
| Center of Mass | It is the point through which the applied seismic force acts. |
| Reciprocal of Stiffness | Refers to flexibility of structure |
| Orthotropic | The material has the same composition at every point but the elastic may not be the same in all directions. |
| Orthotropic | The composite material exhibits elastic properties in one direction different from that in the perpendicular direction. |
| Focal Depth | - Besides the Epicenter, it describes the location of the Earthquake. |
| Actual Displacement or Seismic/Earthquake Waves | - It is measured by a seismometer. |
| Magnitude of Earthquake | - It is measured by the Richter Scale |
| Fatigue | - The material is subjected to repeated cycles of stress or strain, it causes the structure to breakdown ultimately leading to fracture |
| Creep | - When a material has to support a load for a long period of time, what causes it to continue to deform until a sudden fracture occurs. |
| Plasticity | - Condition of a material when it breaks down and deforms permanently even due to a slight increase in stress above the elastic limit |
| Resonance | It occurs when a building period coincides with the earthquake period. |
| Torsion/Torsional Shear Stress | - It occurs when the structure’s center of mass does not coincide with its center of rigidity |
| Proportional limit | The greatest stress a material is capable of developing without deviation from straight line proportionality between strain and stress * |
| Elastic limit | The greatest stress a material is capable of developing without a permanent elongation remaining upon complete unloading of the specimen |
| Modulus of elasticity | Slope of the straight line portion of the curve or the ratio of stress over the strain |
| Ductility | The ability of a material to deform in the plastic range without breakage or the ability to undergo considerable plastic deformation under tensile load before actual rupture. * |
| Plasticity | A property of a material where if the specimen be unloaded, it will not return to its original length, rather it will retain a permanent elongation sometimes called a permanent set. |
| Yield stress | The stress at which there occurs a marked increase in strain without an increase in stress |
| Ultimate stress | The max. stress a material is capable of developing |
| Rupture strength | The stress at which the specimen actually breaks. |
| Stiffness | The property of a material to withstand high stress without great strain |
| Brittleness | Implies the absence of any plastic deformation prior to failure. |
| Malleability | The property of a material enabling it to undergo considerable plastic deformation under compressive load before actual rupture. |
| Toughness | The property of a material enabling it to endure high-impact loads or shock loads. |
| Resilience | The property of a material enabling high impact loads without inducing a stress in excess of the elastic limit |
| Factor of safety | Ratio of the failure stress to the allowable stress. |
| Failure | The condition that renders the load resisting member unfit for resisting further increase in loads. |
| Diagonal tension | The tensile stress that develops on the diagonals surface |
| Poisson's ratio | The ratio of lateral strain to axial strain for an unrestrained member |
| Dilatation | Change of volume per unit volume. |
| Ductile material "e" | Is one having a relatively large tensile strain up to the point of rupture |
| Brittle material | Is one having a relatively small tensile strain up to the point of rupture |
| Tangent modulus | The rate of change of stress with respect to strain |
| Specific strength | The ratio of the ultimate or tensile strength to specific weight that is the weight per unit volume |
| Specific modulus | Ratio of the Youngs modulus to the specific weight. |
| Isotropic material | One having the same elastic properties in all directions at any one point of the body |
| Seismograph | Is a ground mounted – device which measures the actual displacement of the ground with respect to a stationary reference point. |
| Intensity | It is the oldest useful measure of an earthquake’s strength which is based on the damage and other observed effects on people, buildings and other features |
| Dynamic | Forces generated by a body in motion |
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