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RADT465 Positioning
ARRT registry review covering imaging procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a condyle? | a rounded process for attachment (101); found in the knee and femur |
| What is a coracoid? | a beak-like process (101); found in the shoulder |
| What is a coronoid? | a crown-like process (101); found in the elbow |
| What is an epicondyle? | smaller projection superior to a condyle (101); found in the elbow and femur |
| What is a facet? | small smooth process for articulation (101); found in the ribs and vertebral column |
| What is a malleolus? | a club-shaped process (101); found in the ankle |
| What is a spinous process? | a sharp projection (101); found in the vertebral column |
| What is a styloid? | a long pointed process (101); found in wrist and proximal fibula |
| What is a trochanter? | a very large rounded process for attachment (101); found in the hip |
| What is a tubercle? | a small rounded process for attachment (101); found in the shoulder |
| What is a tuberosity? | a large rounded process for attachment (101); found in the ischium of pelvis and deltoid of humerus |
| How many bones are the adult skeleton? | 206 (101) |
| What are the functions of the skeletal system? | Support the body's framework, reservoir for minerals, muscle attachment, protection, production of platelets (102) |
| What are synarthrotic joints? | Fibrous articulations; immovable Ex) Cranium sutures (102) |
| What are amphiarthrotic joints? | Cartilaginous; partially moveable Ex) intervertebral joints and the pubic symphysis (102) |
| What are diarthrotic joints? | Synovial; freely moveable Types - gliding (plane), ball and socket (spheroid), pivot (trochoid), condyloid (ellipsoid), hinge (ginglymus), saddle (sellar), bicondylar (biaxial) [103] |
| What are examples of gliding/plane joints? | intercarpal and intertarsal joints, AC and costovertebral joints (103) |
| What are examples of ball and socket (spheroid) joints? | Shoulder and hip (103) |
| What are examples of pivot/trochoid joints? | proximal radioulnar joint and atlantoaxial joint (103) |
| What are examples of hinge/ginglymus joints? | elbow, IP joints, and ankle (103) |
| What are examples of saddle/sellar joints? | thumb (103) |
| What are examples of bicondylar/biaxial joints? | TMJ and knee (103) |
| What is osteoporosis? | loss of bone density causing them to be more prone to fracture (104) |
| What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | Extremities, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle (105) |
| What is the most abundant type of cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage; covers the articular ends of bones (104) |
| Name the carpal bones beginning on the lateral proximal side? | Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (106) |
| What is the largest carpal bone? | Capitate (106) |
| What are the most commonly fractured carpal bones? | Scaphoid (1st) and Triquetrum (2nd) [107] |
| What is one of the most common skeletal fractures? | fracture of distal radius (109) |
| What is a Colle's fracture? | distal radius fracture ; outstretched hand with arm extended (109) |
| What bone is superior to the radius? To the ulna? | Radius and capitulum (RC) & Ulna and Trochlea (109) |
| Where is the olecranon process? | elbow; sits in the olecranon fossa of the humerus when arm is fully extended (109) |
| What radiographic sign is indicative of a radial head or neck fracture? | Sail sign/ spinnaker sail sign ; seen in lateral elbow (111) |
| How many fat pads are in the elbow? | 3; anterior, posterior, and supinator (111) |
| What are the rotator cuff muscles? | Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, deltoid, and subscapularis (113) |
| What is the most common shoulder dislocation? | Anterior dislocation (113) |
| What does the shoulder girdle consist of? | scapula and clavicles (112) |
| Name the tarsal bones | Calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform (122) |
| What is the largest tarsal bone? | Calcaneus (os calcis) [122] |
| Part of the subtalor/talocalcaneal joint and seen well on medial oblique foot projection | Sinus Tarsi (122) |
| What are the most commonly fractured components of the ankle joint? | medial and lateral malleoli (124) |
| Where are sesamoid bones? | formed in tendons (124) |
| What is Osgood-Schlatter disease? | chronic epiphysitis of the tibial tuberosity ; repetitive trauma (125) |
| What is the largest sesamoid bone? | PATELLA (126) |
| Name the 2 joints in the knee. | femorotibial and femoropatellar (125) |
| Where are the trochanters on the hip? | Posterior side (127) |
| What is the criteria for a lateral knee? | 1/3 fibular head superimposed (Bontrager) |
| What is the criteria for an externally rotated knee? | fibula is free of superimposition (Bontrager) |
| What is the criteria for an internally rotated knee? | more than 1/3 of fibular head is superimposed (Bontrager) |
| How does the femoral neck lie? | Angles upward 120 degrees and forward 15 degrees (127) |
| What is the most commonly fractured portion of the femur? | Femoral Neck (128) |
| How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis? | Female pelvis is wider, shallower, and the pelvic inlet is larger and rounder ; female pelvis has greater than a 90 degree pubic angle (131) |
| What is used to evaluate abnormal growth? | Long bone measurement (132) |
| What are the different types of arthrograms? | Knee, hip, shoulder, & TMJ |
| What is a simple fracture? | undisplaced fracture (143) |
| What is a displaced fracture? | bone fragments out of alignment (143) |
| What is a compound fracture? | open fracture; fx poked through skin (143) |
| What is an incomplete fracture? | does not go across the entire bone; little to no movement of bone (143) |
| What is a greenstick fracture? | break on one side of the bone; infants and children (143) |
| What is a torus/buckle fracture? | type of greenstick fx with one side buckled and other not moved (143) |
| What is a stress/fatigue fracture? | body's response to repeated force (143) |
| What is an avulsion fracture? | chipped bone; small fragment pulled away from the original bone (143) |
| What is a hairline fracture? | very thin nondisplaced fracture (143) |
| What is a comminuted fracture? | several fragments from one bone (143) |
| What is a butterfly fracture? | butterfly wing shaped fracture (143) |
| What is a spiral fracture? | long fracture spiraling around a bone from a twisting motion (143) |
| What is an oblique fracture? | fracture forming 45 degree angle with the bone (143) |
| What is a stellate fracture? | fracture radiates from a central point (143) |
| What is a transverse fracture? | fracture that is a 90 degree angle to the actual bone (143) |
| What is a boxer fracture? | fx of 4th or 5th MC (143) |
| What is a Monteggia fracture? | fracture of proximal 1/3 ulna with anterior dislocation of radial head (143) |
| What is a Colles fracture? | distal third of radius fracture and ulnar styloid avulsion fx (143) |
| What is a Trimalleolar fracture? | fx of the lateral malleolus and medial malleolus on all edges (143) |
| What is a Jones fracture? | fx on the base of 5th MT (143) |
| What is a Potts fracture? | fracture of distal tib fib and dislocated ankle joint (143) |
| What is a pathogenic fracture? | fx of bone caused by pathology making bone weak (143) |
| Reference | Saia, D.A. (2018). Anatomy, Positioning, and Pathology. In S. Barnes, C. M. Thomas (Eds.), Radiography Prep (9th ed., pp. 101-233).Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill Education. |
| Reference | Lampignano, J. P., & Kendrick, L. E. (2017). Bontrager's textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy (9th ed.). Mosby . |
Created by:
Mrlynn
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