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AP 2 - Book
Lecture 16 - Arthrography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A general term used to describe imaging procedures of the synovial joints of the body using contrast media - often performed after routine non-contrast radiographic CT or MR imaging | Arthorgraphy |
| Modality of choice for Arthrography | MR Arthrogram |
| Modality that is useful when investigating the presence of calcified structures within the joint and post-surgical evaluation in patients with intra-articular metal | CT Arthrogram |
| Modality that has been largely replaced with MR and CT imaging, used primarily to locate the joint space and inject the contrast media used for other modalities such as MR and CT Arthrograms | Conventional Fluoroscopic Arthrogram |
| The most common synovial Joints examined by Arthrography include: 1 2 3 4 | 1. Shoulder 2. Knee 3. Hip 4. Wrist |
| Classified as freely movable Diarthroidal Joints | Synovial Joints |
| Types of Synovial Joints | Ball and socket, condyloid, gliding, hinge, pivot, or saddle joint in the thumb |
| A thin layer of Hyaline Cartilage that covers the smooth articular surface of the bones | Articular Cartilage |
| A double layered membrane that surrounds and encloses the joint | Articular Capsule |
| Inner layer of membrane which lines the articular capsule | Synovial membrane |
| A nourishing and lubricating fluid that covers the joint surfaces | Synovial fluid |
| A closed fluid filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body | Bursae |
| Fibrocartilaginous pads that act as cushions between bones | Menisci |
| Synovial Joints with Menisci include: 1 2 3 4 5 | 1. Knee joint 2. AC Joint 3. SC Joint 4. Wrist Joint 5. TMJ |
| A thin, oval plate of fibrocartilage which separates synovial cavities | Articular Disc |
| The presence of an articular disc permits: 1 2 3 | 1. More even distribution of forces between articulating surfaces of bones 2. increases stability of joint 3. Aids in directing the flow of synovial fluid to areas of the articular cartilage that experience the most friction |
| Attaches muscle to bone | Tendons |
| Attaches bone to bone | Ligaments |
| Joint formed by the Head of the Humerus and Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula | Genohumeral Joint/Shoulder Joint |
| The Glenohumeral Joint/Shoulder Joint is classified as what type of Joint allowing what movements? | Ball and Socket Joint allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and rotation |
| Glenohumeral Joint is deepened by a fibro-cartilaginous rim called what? | Glenoid Labrium |
| The Glenohumeral Joint is strengthened by what two ligaments? | Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament |
| A group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the Shoulder Joint | Rotator Cuff |
| Triangular muscle that forms the rounded flesh on the lateral part of the upper arm, passing up and over the shoulder joint | Deltoid Muscle |
| The wide end of the triangle (deltoid muscle) is attached to the ______ anteriorly and the ______ ______ posteriorly and the apex attaches to the shaft of the Humerus at the ______ ______ | Clavicle; scapular spine; deltoid tuberostiy |
| Muscle that originates at the axillary border of the scapula and inserts at the lesser tuberosity of the Humerus | Teres Major |
| Much with two heads | Biceps Brachii - long head and short head |
| Tendon of the biceps brachii passes over the top of the shoulder and through the bicipital groove | Long Head of the Biceps Brachii |
| Tendon of the Biceps Brachii that attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula | Short Head of the Biceps Brachii |
| Located under the acromion process of the scapula and above the greater tuberosity of the Humerus | Subacromial Bursae |
| Located between the Coracoid process and joint capsule | Subcoracoid Bursae |
| Located between the Deltoid Muscle and Joint Capsule | Subdeltoid Bursae |
| Knee joint is formed by the: | Femur, Tibia, and Patella |
| Four major Bursae of the Knee Joint: | 1. Prepatellar 2. Suprapatellar 3. Infrapatellar 4. Gastrocnemius or Semimembranous |
| Four ligaments stabilize the knee joint: | 1. Medial 2. Lateral Collateral 3. Posterior Cruciate 4. Anterior Cruciate |
| Made up of four different individual muscles which join together forming what tendon in the anterior knee | Quadriceps |
| Groups of tendons contracted by three posterior thigh muscles | Hamstrings |
| The Hip joint is formed by the 1 2 | 1. Head of Femur 2. Acetabulum of the Pelvic Bones |
| A circular layer of cartilage which surrounds the outer part of the Acetabulum | The Labrum |
| The Hip joint capsule is composed of 3 ligaments: 1 2 3 | 1. Iliofemoral 2. Ischiofemoral 3. Pubofemoral |
| Ligament that surrounds the neck of the femur and rim of the acetabulum | Capsular |
| Triangular band attaching to the fovea capitus | Ligamentum Teres |
| The muscles in the Buttocks | Gluteals |
| Three muscles at the back of the thighs (gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and gluteus medius) | Hamstrings |
| Four muscles (vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius and tectus femoris) located at the front of the femur | Quadriceps |
| The primary hip flexor muscle | Iliopsoas |
| Adductor muscles attach to the pubis and rundown the inside of of the thigh | Groin muscles |
| Four major Bursae of the Hip Joint: 1 2 3 4 | 1. Trochanteric 2. Gluteus Medius 3. Iliopsoas 4. Ischial |
| What is the wrist joint formed by? | Base of Radius, Scaphoid and Lunate |
| What type of joint is the wrist joint? | Condyloid - flexion, extension, abduction and adduction |
| Four major ligaments of of the Wrist Joint: 1 2 3 4 | 1. Palmar Radiocarpal 2. Dorsal Radiocarpal 3. Ulnar Collateral 4. Radial Collateral |
| Arthrogram Shoulder Joint clinical indications: 1 2 3 4 5 6 | 1. Rotator cuff tears 2. Persistant pain 3. Adhesive Capsulitis 4. Recurrent Joint dislocations 5. Loose bodies within cartilage 6. Degenerative Joint disease/arthritis |
| Arthrogram Knee Joint clinical indications: 1 2 3 4 5 | 1. Torn meniscis 2. Cartilage/capsule injury 3. Degenerative/Arthritic changes 4. Loose bodies formed by ossification of cartilage 5. Baker's Cyst |
| Arthrogram hip Joint clinical indications: 1 2 3 4 | 1. Congenital hip dislocation of peds 2. loose hip prosthesis 3. confirm infection 4. Rheumatoid/Osteoarthritis |
| Arthrogram Wrist Joint clinical indications: 1 2 3 4 5 | 1. Trauma 2. Persistant pain 3. Limitation of movement 4. Ligament tears 5. Instability |
| Contraindications to an Arthrogram: 1 2 3 | 1. Superficial skin infections 2. inflammation of joint 3. Bleeding tendency in patients taking anticoagulants |
| Performed as an alternative when a patient is incompatible for MR imaging | CT Arthrography |
| What is required before the Arthrogram procedure since it is considered an invasive procedure? | A signed patient consent form |
| Clinical indications for Joint injections: 1 2 3 4 5 | 1. Rheumatoid arthritis 2. Psoriatic arthritis 3. Gout 4. Tendinitis 5. Bursitis |
| SCOUT imaging performed if requested for a Shoulder Arthrogram: 1 2 3 4 | 1. AP with External Rotation 2. AP with Internal Rotation 3. Axillary Shoulder 4. Bicipital Groove |
| SCOUT imaging performed if requested for a Hip Arthrogram: 1 2 3 | 1. AP Projection 2. X-Table Lateral 3. Frog-Leg Lateral |
| SCOUT imaging performed if requested for a Knee Arthrogram: 1 2 | 1. AP Projection 2. X-Table Lateral |
| SCOUT imaging performed if requested for a Wrist Arthrogram: 1 2 3 4 | 1. PA with Ulnar Flexion 2. PA with Radial Flexion 3. Lateral 4. Bilateral Obliques |
Created by:
teresachristensen
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