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u8 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| motivation | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| instinct | a complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species |
| drive-reduction theory | the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| homeostatsis | a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry; body glucose, around a particular level |
| incentive | a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| yerkes-dodson law | the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases |
| heirarchy of needs | maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base w/ physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psych. needs |
| glucose | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues- when levels are low, we feel hunger |
| set point | the point at which an individuals's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight an increase in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight |
| basal metabolic rate | the body's resting rate of energy expedentiure |
| sexual response cycle | the 4 stages of sexual responsing described by Masters and Johnson- excitment, platean, orgasm, and resolution |
| refractory period | a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve anothero orgasm |
| sexual disfunction | a problem that consistenly impairs sexual arousal or functioning |
| estrogens | sex horomones, such as estradol, secreted in greater amounts by females than males and contribute to female sex characteristics in nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promting sexual receptivity |
| testosterones | the most important of the male sex hormones, both males and females have it, but the additonal testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty |
| emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience |
| James-Lange theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli |
| Canon-Bard theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion |
| two-factor theory | the schachter-singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitivly label the arousal |
| polygraph | a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physological responses (breathing changes, perspiration, and cardiovascular) |
| facial feedback effect | tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponsing feelings such as fear, anger or happiness |
| health psychology | a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine |
| stress | process by which we percieve and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
| general adaption syndrome (GAS) | Seyle's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in 3 phashes-alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
| tend-and befriend response | understress, people (esp. women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond w/ and seek support from others (befriend) |
| pyschological illness | "mind body" illness, any stressrelated physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches |
| psychoneuroimmunology | the study of how physiological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health |
| lymphocytes | the 2 types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections- T form in the thyms and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign sub. |
| coronary heart disease | clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries |
| type A | Freidman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people |
| type B | Freidman and Rosenman's term for easy going, relaxed people |
Created by:
_emilyyyoung_
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