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AP 2 - Book
Lecture 13 - exam study - Female Anatomy - Hysterosalpingography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consists of an internal and external group of organs connected by the Vaginal Canal | Female Reproductive System |
| The internal genital organs consist of:j 1. 2. 3. 4. | 1. Vagina 2. Uterus 3. 2 - Gonads - Ovaries 4. 2 - Uterine tubes or Fallopian Tubes |
| A tubular canal 4-6 inches in length which serves as the female organ of copulation and as the birth canal | Vagina |
| A pear-shaped, thick walled muscular organ suspended in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity - is freely moveable | Uterus |
| A double sheet of peritoneum that the Uterus is supported by and attaches to both sides of the Pelvic Cavity? | Broad Ligament |
| Ligament that holds the Uterus in its anterior position by connecting it to the anterior abdominal wall? | Round Ligament |
| Function of the Uterus? | 1. Retains the fertilized egg after conception and nourishes it until the fetus is born 2. Expels the fetus and placenta during birth by as series of muscular contractions |
| The done-shaped superior portion of the Uterus, lying above the body | Fundus |
| The major central portion of the Uterus | Body or Corpus |
| The inferior end of the body of the Uterus where it becomes continuous with the Cervix | Isthmus |
| The lower end of the Uterus which projects into the Vagina | Cervix |
| The two openings of the Cervix: | 1. External Os 2. Internal Os |
| Opening into the Vagina | External Os |
| Opening into the Uterus | Internal Os |
| Three layers of the Uterine wall: | 1. Perimetrium 2. Myometrium 3. Endometrium |
| outer thin connective tissue of the Uterine Wall | Perimetrium |
| Middle layer of smooth muscle which makes up the thickness of the Uterine Wall | Myometrium |
| Internal Layer made up of epithelial mucus membrane which undergoes cycle changes during menstruation; sheds its lining at approximately 4 week intervals during menstruation (puberty to Menopause) | Endometrium |
| Produced by the Ovaries to control the cyclic growth and shedding of the Endometrium | Female hormones |
| Causes the growth or proliferation of the Endometrium during the first 2 weeks of the menstrual cycle, produces female sex characteristics | Estrogen |
| Secreted after ovulation, causing the endometrial glands to secrete nutritive substances required by the embryo and to allow it to implant into the endometrial lining; maintains growth of the Uterine lining for fertilized egg | Progesterone |
| Two oval shaped glands suspended by the Broad Ligaments and anchored to the Uterus by the Ovarian Ligaments - Primary female reproductive organs | Ovaries |
| The Ovaries are also considered a part of what body system? | Endocrine System |
| Two layers of the Ovaries: | 1. Cortex 2. Medulla |
| Outer layer of glandular tissue in the Ovaries | Cortex |
| Within the cortex of the ovaries are minute follicles (little sacs) at various stages of development called what? | Ovisac |
| True or False? Ova do not continuously divide or are replaced by those lost during menstruation | True |
| Inner layer vascular tissue of the Ovaries | Medulla |
| Ova are released under the influence of what in the Pituitary Gland? | Pituitary Hormones |
| What are the two Pituitary Hormones in the Pituitary Gland? | Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) |
| Hormone that stimulates the development of many follicles within the ovary until one dominant follicle takes over | Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
| Hormone that inhibits FSH suppressing other follicles from developing | Luteinizng Hormone (LH) |
| A fully developed Ovisac | Graafian Follicle |
| The yellow fatty substance that the enlarged ruptured follicle, following ovulation, takes on? | Corpus Luteum |
| What does Corpus Luteum secrete? | Progesterone |
| Typically where fertilization of an egg takes place? | In the Fallopian Tubes |
| Two flexible, trumpet-shaped tubes extending from the Fundus of the Uterus at the Cornua to the pelvic brim; also referred to as the Uterine Tubes or Oviducts | Fallopian Tubes |
| The Fallopian Tubes terminate in a series of irregular finger-like projections that curve around the ovary called? | Fimbrae |
| What is the function of the Fimbrae? | When an Ovum is expelled from the Ovary, the Fimbrae work like tentacles to draw the egg into the Fallopian Tube |
| The proximal portion of the Fallopian Tube that connects with the Uterine Cavity | Interstitum |
| Narrowed or constricted portion of the Fallopian Tubes | Isthmus |
| The portion of the Fallopian Tubes that arches over the Ovary | Ampulla |
| The distal portion of the Ovary which has finger-like extensions on its fimbrae end | Infundiblulum |
| The two openings of the Infundibulum in the Fallopian Tubes: | 1. A small orifice into the Uterus (smallest diameter of the Fallopian Tube) 2. An orifice that opens into the Peritoneal Cavity |
| The modality of choice for diagnostic investigation of disease processes and abnormalities of the female reproductive system | Diagnostic Sonography (Ultrasound) |
| An infection of the Uterus, Fallopian Tubes, and/or Ovaries caused by a bacterial or gonococci infection (STD bacteria) that migrate up the Uterus - can cause infertility | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) |
| An anomaly can be the cause of this and can be visualized on Ultrasound or during a Hysterosalpingogram | Infertility |
| Absence of a Uterus | Hypoplasia/Agenesis |
| A banana shaped Uterus with a single horn | Unicornuate Uterus |
| A Uterus which has two horns | Bicornuate Uterus |
| Double Uterus | Uterine Didelphys |
| Occurs when the Uterus is abnormally tipped forward | Anteversion of the Uterus |
| Occurs when the Uterus is abnormally tipped backward - most common, often called tipped uterus | Retroversion of the Uterus |
| Occurs when the Uterus drops down into the vagina, and in severe cases, outside the vagina | Uterine Prolapse |
| Painful disorder in which endometrial tissue that lines the inside of the Uterus grows outside the Uterine Cavity (Endometrial Implant) | Endometriosis |
| The most common benign tumors of the Uterus - made of muscle cells and other tissues that grown in and around the wall of the Uterus - also called Leiomyomas or Myomas | Fibroid Tumors |
| Benign Tumors of the endometrial lining of the Uterus | Polyps |
| Occur when the follicle of the Ovary doesn't rupture or release its egg | Ovarian Cysts |
| Cysts that become large may cause the ovary to move out of its usual position in the pelvis, causing twisting of the ovary, this is called? | Ovarian Torsion |
| A cyst that ruptures may cause severe pain and lead to internal bleeding, this is called a? | Rupture |
| Term for a malignant neoplasm arising from cells originating in the cervix | Cervical cancer |
| Properly defined as Endometrial Cancer | Uterine Cancer |
| Cancer that originates in the epithelium tissue, which covers the ovarian surface? | Ovarian Cancer |
| Blood test that calculates the presence of CA-125 levels in the blood, which are signs of potentially cancerous cells inside the body but does not give the location of the Cancer | CA-125 blood test |
| Takes measurements of the tumor or tumors, determines the number of tumors, and their definite locations | Transvaginal Ultrasound |
| The inability to get pregnant after a year of unprotected sex | Infertility |
| A radiographic and fluoroscopic procedure to investigate the shape of the Uterine Cavity and the patency of the Fallopian Tubes using contrast medium | Hysterosalpingogram |
| Contraindications to a Hysterosalpingogram | 1. Severe Uterine Hemorrhaging 2. Active infection of the genital tract 3. Pregnancy |
| Contrast used for a Hysterosalpingogram | Water-Soluble Iodinated Contrast Media |
| The tray for a Hysterosalpingogram is prepared using a _______ ______. | Sterile Technique |
| To open the tray for a Hysterosalpingogram, you put on Sterile gloves and open in this order: | 1. Open outer corner away from you 2. Unfold the two sides 3. Pull inner corner toward you |
| What should the patient do prior to a Hysterosalpingogram examination to prevent pressure displacement of the Uterus and superimposition from the Urinary Bladder? | Void prior to exam |
| When should a Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)be scheduled? | On the 7-8th day of the Menstrual cycle |
| The HSG exam should not be performed after what day of the menstrual cycle? | 10th day |
| What is obtained by the Gynecologist, after first discussing the risks and complications of the procedure? | Informed Consent |
| At the beginning of the Gynecological portion of the HSG procedure, what position is the patient initially placed in? | Lithotomy position |
| A hooked clamp that may be applied to the Cervix for gathering and holding tissues in place | Tenaculum |
| Post exam image performed upon request of the Radiologist | AP Post-injection Cone-Down of the Pelvis |
| Post-exam instructions given to the patient prior to leaving the Radiology Department: | 1. May notice spotting and/or cramping 2. Should notify her Gynecologist if a large amount of bleeding occurs or she experiences heavy cramping and pain |
Created by:
teresachristensen
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